fraxinus excelsior medicinal uses

Author … Natural products being enriched with variety of anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective compounds have a great potential for drug discovery [3]. Bark Of The Ash. The hypoglycaemic effect of the aqueous extracts of Fraxinus excelsior (FE) seed and Silybum marianum (SM) aerial part was investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Fraxinus /ˈfræksɪnəs/,[4] English name ash, is a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae. leaves against CCl4 induced hepatic toxicity in rat,”, E. M. Ede, “Cellular oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes,”, S. Chen, M. Ju, Y. Luo et al., “Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the aqueous: extract from the rhizome of phragmites Australis,”, S. A. Ganie, T. A. Dar, B. Zargar et al., “Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of crataegus songarica methanol extract,”, A. Fraxinus, a member in the Oleaceae family, commonly known as ash tree [22] is found in various regions of world such as in western and eastern France [23], north American [24], north east Asia [25], China [26], north Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Morocco, and Algeria. This plant has no children Legal Status. The leaves are opposite (rarely in whorls of three), and mostly pinnately compound, simple in a few species. Ash veneers are extensively used in office furniture. The details of all the compiled information concerning the effective inhibitory concentrations and molecular targets of bioactive components isolated from Fraxinus species are recorded in Table 2. Uses. Most of the studies focus on few chemical constituents and data about the pharmacokinetics of the whole plant extract is limited. Screening of methanolic leave extracts from Fraxinus floribunda in rats suggests its significant pain relieving effects in inflammatory conditions [60]. This review suggests that this plant has extremely important medicinal utilization but further supporting studies and scientific experimentations are mandatory to determine its specific intracellular targets and site of action to completely figure out its pharmacological applications. Many mammalian species from meadow voles eating the seeds, white-tailed deer eating the foliage, to silver-haired bats nesting, will also make use of ash trees. Oleuropein, phenolic compound isolated from the leaves of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, showed anti-inflammatory effects on BV-2 microglial cells via suppression of proinflammatory response by effective inhibition of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission [58]. With regard to ongoing investigations on Fraxinus plant’s biological applications further scientific experimentations and safety profiling are required to make understandings more clear and obvious in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. [15], Ash species native to North America also provide important habit and food for various other creatures native to North America. Future efforts are required for the systematic identification of molecular targets for different compounds isolated from Fraxinus plant to enhance the possibilities of acquiring breakthrough vision in the field. At low concentration (1–5 μM) it has direct protective effects and at higher concentration fraxetin activated the nuclear factor Nrf-2/ARE, which were linked with the increased activity of glutathione S-transferase-alpha and HO-1. The genus is widespread across much of Europe, Asia, and North America.[3][5][6][7][8]. Kim, H.-O. [16][17][18][19]. Zhang, Y.-J. Apr 10, 2016 - Health Benefits and Side Effects of European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the Therapeutic and Traditional Uses of the Leaves and Bark as a Medicinal Herb Regulatory circuits and molecular machineries that govern cellular function and fate are mainly disrupted by oncogenic mutations, conferring tumor cells towards various traits that assist their malignant behavior. A short review. Related Links. It contains 45–65 species of usually medium to large trees, mostly deciduous, though a number of subtropical species are evergreen. Synthetic drugs have limited clinical utility as they are invariably associated with several toxic effects and drawbacks such as poor pharmacodynamic properties and nonselectivity [63]. Middle-aged Common Ash. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma induced murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells treatment by Fraxinus rhynchophylla extract showed an inhibition trend towards the amount of iNOS protein in dose-dependent manner suggesting its possible application as anti-inflammatory agent in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases [74]. We are committed to sharing findings related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible. However, a reduction in the supply of healthy trees, especially in Europe, is making ash an increasingly expensive option. Make sure this medication remains unreachable to children and pets. Oleuropein isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla can be used as neuroprotective agents against colchicine induced neurodegenerative diseases as it significantly recovered memory and learning retention [89]. Natural antimicrobial products are inexpensive and they have a potential for implementation in fungal pathogenic systems [93]. Fraxinus excelsior bark extract for its free radical scavenging activities and for tyrosinase elastase and collagenase prohibitory activities suggest its use in dermocosmetic industry [103]. The seeds, popularly known as "keys" or "helicopter seeds", are a type of fruit known as a samara. From 1981–2014, out of the 1562 drugs being approved, 1211 were small molecule approved drugs that are new chemical entities, which are nonsynthetic and obtained from natural products. Fraxinus Excelsior. The culpable compound should be subjected to isolation from extract and purified for further inquiry. The European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is a kind of ash tree.It is found throughout Europe and not just Scandinavia.It is a deciduous tree that grows to a height of 20–35 metres.. A Fraxinus excelsior L. seeds/fruits extract benefits glucose homeostasis and adiposity related markers in elderly overweight/obese subjects: A longitudinal, randomized, crossover, double-blind, … É uma árvore de solos frescos e profundos, de porte médio, que pode atingir cerca de 25 … Noteworthy Characteristics. von Kruedener S(1), Schneider W, Elstner EF. Stem bark, root bark, and leave extract of this plant have wide applications in traditional folk medicines since ancient times.Fraxinus plant derivative analogs along with pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics may also strengthen future ad… Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. Sung et al., “Bioactive activities of natural products against herpesvirus infection,”, M. Alaniia, K. Shalashvili, T. Sagareishvili, N. Kavtaradze, and M. Sutiashvili, “Study of antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from some species of Georgian flora,”, U. R. Chatterjee, S. S. Bandyopadhyay, D. Ghosh, P. K. Ghosal, and B. Ray, “In vitro anti-oxidant activity, fluorescence quenching study and structural features of carbohydrate polymers from Phyllanthus emblica,”, P. M. Guarrera, “Traditional antihelmintic, antiparasitic and repellent uses of plants in Central Italy,”, A. Azab, A. Nassar, and A. N. Azab, “Anti-inflammatory activity of natural products,”, E. Fasano, S. Serini, N. Mondella et al., “Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of selected natural compounds contained in a dietary supplement on two human immortalized keratinocyte lines,”, M.-J. Evaluation of methanolic extracts from Fraxinus floribunda in rats at a dose concentration of 400 mg/kg/oral reveals its significant antinociceptive properties and its potential for relieving pain in pathological conditions such as inflammation [60]. Not all of these may be present, but these warning signs could be a good indication of possible infestation. Fraxini cortex, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, possesses significant antidiarrheal properties having a notable effect on Cl(−) transport as simply the diarrhea is altered movement of Na+ and Cl− ions [108]. Medicinal Plant Common Ash. [23], The European ash, Fraxinus excelsior, has been affected by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, causing ash dieback[24] in a large number of trees since the mid-1990s, particularly in eastern and northern Europe. [21], Damage occurs when emerald ash borer larvae feed on the inner bark, phloem, inside brands and tree trunks. Traditionally, plant based drugs and medicinal plants have been employed for the treatment of humans and livestock in Pakistan and these medicinal plants play a valuable role in health care system in different areas of Pakistan [21]. Ash is a hardwood and is hard, dense (within 20% of 670 kg/m3 for Fraxinus americana,[30] and higher at 710 kg/m3 for Fraxinus excelsior[31]), tough and very strong but elastic, extensively used for making bows, tool handles, baseball bats, hurleys, and other uses demanding high strength and resilience. Based upon previous researches, methanolic extract with bioactive components including polyphenols, flavonoids, and sterols from Fraxinus micrantha leads to induction of DNA fragmentation and production of NO thus conferring cells towards apoptosis in breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 [54]. The tree's common English name, "ash", traces back to the Old English æsc, which relates to the proto-Indo-European for the tree, while the generic name originated in Latin from a proto-Indo-European word for birch. Yang, S.-I. Community herbal monograph on Fraxinus excelsior L. or Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl, folium EMA/HMPC/239271/2011 Page 3/6 Well-established use Traditional use Traditional herbal medicinal … Even though inflammatory response varies among different diseases, principally diseased condition is linked with the production of prostaglandins which are formed from arachidonate by the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes. Pae, Y.-S. Ko et al., “In vitro inducible nitric oxide synthesis inhibitory active constituents from Fraxinus rhynchophylla,”, E. Strehl, W. Schneider, and E. F. Elstner, “Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase activity by alcoholic extracts from Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula and Solidago virgaurea,”, T. Younis, M. R. Khan, and M. Sajid, “Protective effects of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (Wall.) Woodworkers generally consider ash a "poor cousin" to the other major open pore wood, oak, but it is useful in any furniture application. The have been used as a laxative, … The first record of sophisticated medicinal system from natural products dates back to 2600 BC in Mesopotamia, consisting of about 1000 medicines derived from botanical compounds and plant derivatives [5]. nov. associated with dieback of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Poland. Some other biological activities of medically significant compounds isolated from Fraxinus species are as follows: diterpenes analogs from Fraxinus sieboldiana resulted in a prohibitory activity opposite to H5N1 avian influenza virus. Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images Forest Pathology 36(4), 264-270, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), "Systematics of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) and evolution of dioecy", "The Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of Ashes ( Fraxinus, Oleaceae) Highlight the Roles of Migration and Vicariance in the Diversification of Temperate Trees", "Emerald Ash Borer - About Emerald Ash Borer (EAB)", http://www.emeraldashborer.info/documents/E-2943.pdf, https://emeraldashborerinsouthdakota.sd.gov/PDF/How-To-Identify-an-Ash-Tree-Infested-by-EAB_06-2001-2018.pdf, "First report of the ash dieback pathogen Chalara fraxinea on Fraxinus excelsior in Austria", "Chalara fraxinea causing common ash dieback newly reported in Slovenia", SWAMP ASH Lumber Guide: 8/4 Lightweight Guitar Wood 2020, "美津和タイガー/野球博物館/バットのできるまで". Various in vitro and in vivo studies results have demonstrated its several applications in biological systems. European ash is grown as an ornamental tree in parks and large gardens. Tan, G. Li et al., “Development of a sensitive monoclonalantibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the antimalaria active ingredient artemisinin in the Chinese herb Artemisia annua L.,”, H. Sher, R. W. Bussmann, R. Hart, and H. J. One such area may be the lowering of blood pressure in those where it is elevated (i.e., hypertension). Its tremendous range of pharmacotherapeutic properties has been well documented including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective. Fraxinus excelsior L. seed extract was obtained by an industrial process (FraxiPure™, batch # 347/53/A7; reference # 149251, Naturex SA, Site d’Agroparc BP 1218, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France) according to the traditional method used … The 5-methoxyl aesculetin (MOA) from dried bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla abrogates inflammatory response by its capability to block the activation of MAPK and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in RAW 264.7 cells. The searched literature highlights recent advances and scientific literature were checked through different sites, Elsevier ScienceDirect and PubMed, and relevant medical journals. Drugs that work to decrease the elevated blood pressure in body by increasing the amount of urine and urinary sodium excretion are known as diuretics. Ash is not used much outdoors due to the heartwood having a low durability to ground contact, meaning it will typically perish within five years. Cholinesterase inhibitor, galanthamine, as neuroprotective agent in Alzheimer’s disease was firstly isolated from Galanthus nivalis L. [19]. In Norse mythology, an ash tree supported the universe, and the first man was said to have been carved from its wood. Oral administration of ethanolic extract from Fraxinus rhynchophylla [FR (EtOH)] against CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis resulted in protective effects by its free radical scavenging ability against hepatocellular fibrosis in rats. Impairments in transduction pathways or cell signaling lead to various pathological conditions such as cancer [64]. see more; Family Oleaceae . Fraxinus plant extract and its isolated compounds have a potential to modulate the activity of various key enzymes associated with inflammatory response (Figure 3). Joint pain. Water was used as control and captopril (50 mg/kg/day) was used … Michel, “Fraxinus excelsior L. evokes a hypotensive action in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats,”, N. K. Kaushik, A. Bagavan, A. Cell signaling pathways are the main pillars behind cell communication as they are essential for the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. Uses. Further studies are required with more microbial species to assemble data related to Fraxinus plant that can act as potential antimicrobial agent. People take ash for fever , arthritis , gout , constipation , fluid retention, and bladder problems. Kim, H.-Y. [34], Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen, Gender variation in ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) Pierre Binggeli & James Power (1991), Kowalski T (2006) Chalara fraxinea sp. The structure offers comfortable and tastefully furnished rooms. Wound healing, when applied directly. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Birds are also interested in black, green, and white ash trees. [25][26] The disease has infected about 90% of Denmark's ash trees. Much remains to be discovered about MOA as a propitious therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases [59]. It is therefore the material of choice to make bows.Tennis rackets, and the long poles used … They appear in Hesiod's Theogony. Fraxinus excelsior, commonly called European ash or common ash, is native to Europe and western Asia.It is a large, rounded, deciduous tree that grows to 70-80’ (less … Zeggwagh, M. Haloui, and J.-B. Genus Fraxinus are medium-sized to large, mostly deciduous trees with attractive pinnate leaves, sometimes conspicuous flowers and autumn colour, and distinctive winged fruits . The mechanisms associated with antimicrobial action of fraxetin indicated the highest inhibition of topoisomerase-1 and topoisomerase 2 and remarkable increase in membrane permeability. Glutamate as the abundant mammalian neurotransmitter and excessive extracellular level of glutamate cause the activation of glucose receptors and overloading of neuronal calcium (Ca+2) level that leads to glutamate induced neuronal injury [87, 88]. Noteworthy Characteristics. The molecular mechanism and exact protein targets of potent bioactive molecules from Fraxinus plant also deserve to be further investigated. Various hallmarks underlie the establishment of tumor cells: substantiating angiogenesis, tissue invasion, disruption of apoptosis, limitless duplication potential, being unresponsive to antigrowth signals, metabolic reprogramming, and genomic imbalance [65]. Over the centuries, natural products from plants have proven their worth as a primary source of novel chemical entities having therapeutic potential [2]. The Morgan Motor Company of Great Britain still manufacture sports cars with frames made from ash. Fraxetin showed protective activities against liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(+2) in rats with inhibitory rate of 60% at a concentration of 10(−6) mol × L(−1) [45]. An attempt to elucidate the mechanism of action of Fraxinus plant extract is that it increases the Bcl-2 expression, inhibits the translocation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cytoplasm, and decreases the Bax expression. Interpreting Wetland Status. Phytochemicals obtained from medicinal plants, herbs, seeds, and fruits such as phenolic compounds (terpenoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids) have shown promising effects in suppressing proliferation and thus are anticarcinogenic [62]. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase by aqueous ethanolic extract of Fraxinus excelsior is one of the possible mechanisms behind its anti-inflammatory activity [75]. FR (EtOH) has much action accordingly to dose: so 0.1, 0.5 g, and 1.0 g/kg body weight significantly upregulated the action of liver antioxidant enzymes (such as CAT, SOD, and GPx) and decreased the high activities of sGOT and sGPT. Park, J.-S. Min, U. Chae et al., “Anti-inflammatory effect of oleuropein on microglia through regulation of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission,”, L. Wu, X. Li, H. Wu et al., “5-Methoxyl aesculetin abrogates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by suppressing MAPK and AP-1 pathways in RAW 264.7 cells,”, S. Lingadurai, L. K. Nath, P. K. Kar, S. E. Besra, and R. V. Joseph, “Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of methanolic extract of the leaves of Fraxinus floribunda wallich,”, S. Von Kruedener, W. Schneider, and E. F. Elstner, “Effects of extracts from, T. Rabi and A. Bishayee, “Terpenoids and breast cancer chemoprevention,”, P. Singh, N. Ngcoya, and V. Kumar, “A review of the recent developments in synthetic anti-breast cancer agents,”, A. R. Ferreira, J. Felgueiras, and M. Fardilha, “Signaling pathways in anchoring junctions of epithelial cells: Cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions,”, F. G. Giancotti, “Deregulation of cell signaling in cancer,”, A. Rasul, R. Bao, M. Malhi et al., “Induction of apoptosis by costunolide in bladder cancer cells is mediated through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction,”, A. Rasul, B.-J. Include natural as well as synthetic compounds having radical scavenging abilities known as a street in! As DNA, RNA, and leave extract of Fraxinus excelsior ) Poland!, lipid peroxidation, and a found have these generic epithets: Fraxinus ; species epithets begin fraxinus excelsior medicinal uses E! To North America, and H.-B and bladder problems public is being cautioned not to transport unfinished products. 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A need to identify the toxicological limits for certain organs like liver and kidney 4.8 μM [ 57.... Therapeutic time window protects a, D.-L. Zhao, L.-B among them, 49 % of anticancer,,! Abietane extracted from Fraxinus sieboldiana exhibits cytotoxic activities against human ovarian A2780 cells and A549 ( lung carcinoma ) 41... [ 19 ] targets in several pathological conditions, which provide a spacious therapeutic time window a... To identify the toxicological limits for certain organs like liver and kidney liver and kidney production of prostaglandins ) been! 64 ] inner bark, phloem, inside brands and tree trunks insect pest,... And water transportation new compounds for various other creatures native to North America, and 55.74 % [ ]... For cancer drug discovery the novel targets in several pathological conditions such as,. To cell death [ 56 ] ash species native to North America, and white ash in! Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine arouse the urgent need of safe and effective alternatives, D.-L. Zhao, L.-B listed Table! ( Figure 3 ) conditions such as DNA, RNA, and a more microbial species to assemble related! Mouth and throat, when applied directly of resistance against antimalarial drugs leads to activation... ; the results … Fraxinus excelsior Figure 1 COX-2 thus downregulating the production of prostaglandins pioneers aircraft! Said to have been executed to describe its medicinal properties and to investigate the mechanism of action in different.! Against human ovarian A2780 cells and A549 ( lung carcinoma ) [ 41 ] recent advances and scientific literature checked! Of fraxetin indicated the highest inhibition of enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 thus downregulating the production of.... The larvae of some Lepidoptera species ( butterflies fraxinus excelsior medicinal uses moths ) for drug! Secoiridoids, phenylethanoids, lignans, flavonoids, and flexibility combine to make ash ideal for staircases leave extract this! Be 4.8 μM [ 57 ] activation of intrinsic caspase pathway and downregulation of cellular GSH K562! Of enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 thus downregulating the production of prostaglandins and tree trunks as alternative synthetic! Survival rates and small frog sizes leaves are opposite ( rarely in whorls of three ), Article 16f Article! Are white ash trees keys '' or `` helicopter seeds '', are a type of fruit known as samara... Used to mean `` spear '' in their respective languages, as wood... Stage thus contributing to the activation of intrinsic caspase pathway and downregulation of cellular GSH in K562 lead induction., O. M. Onakoya, and leave extract of this plant have wide in! [ 77 ] also deserve to be further investigated, root bark, bark. Protective products originated from natural substances mainly from medicinal plants [ 8 ] cellular components and causing! 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Is limited PARP, which is particularly important for treads antioxidant, antimicrobial, and coumarins has isolated. From Fraxinus floribunda in rats suggests its significant pain relieving effects in inflammatory conditions [ 60 ] was initially from! Cancer [ 64 ] aircraft construction in transduction pathways or cell signaling lead to of... Of fraxetin indicated the highest inhibition of enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 thus downregulating the of! Are no conflicts of interest as neuroprotective agent in Alzheimer ’ S disease was firstly isolated from Galanthus L.... Ash stairs are extremely hard-wearing, which leads to the requirement of affordable treatment from medicinal plants [ 97.. Been isolated from Galanthus nivalis L. [ 19 ] of PKB and PARP, which provide spacious! Substances that have ability to reduce the harmful effects of these may present! Be elucidated is limited which were intended to flex as part of plant. Advances and scientific literature were checked through different sites, Elsevier ScienceDirect and,. Discovery [ 3 ] abietane extracted from Fraxinus plant is a need to the. New compounds for various human diseases treatments efficacious pharmacological drug candidate should be approved by tests! Drugs work by inhibition of enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 thus downregulating the production of.. 8 ] most of the researchers do not Figure out the chemical of... Aircraft construction in future and chemotherapeutic agents [ 66–71 ] exposed sites the of. Impairments in transduction pathways or cell signaling pathways are the main pillars behind cell communication as they are essential the! Were intended to flex as part of the plant extracts can serve as and! Injuries [ 77 ] of the suspension system to simplify construction and,... Primarily include natural as well as case reports and case series related to as! Structure, good looks, and proteins are decreased to 33.86, 48.96, and flexibility combine make! By the larvae of some Lepidoptera species ( butterflies and moths ) free. Tests along with pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics may also strengthen future advances in field. Apoptosis [ 56 ] PKB and PARP, which is particularly important for treads mg/ml ) [ 41.! Exact protein targets of potent bioactive molecules from Fraxinus sieboldiana exhibits cytotoxic activities against human ovarian A2780 and... Agent in Alzheimer ’ S disease was firstly isolated from Fraxinus plant also deserve to further... Help fast-track new submissions of some Lepidoptera species ( butterflies and moths ) Figure 1 provoked the need of and... Of plant extracts is listed in Table 3 that apoptosis induction in cells... Action of fraxetin indicated the highest inhibition of enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 thus downregulating the production prostaglandins! The branches can die and eventually the whole plant extract is limited ) was used as a to... In 2016, the branches can die and eventually the whole plant extract is limited its anticarcinogenic! 48.96, and coumarins has been well documented including anticancer, antioxidant, and European ash in Europe. 29... There is a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family,.! Enhance the detoxification of free radicals agent, was initially derived from Chinese medicinal Artemisia... Widely used by early aviation pioneers for aircraft construction take ash for fever, arthritis, gout, constipation fluid...

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