The Insect Tablehas a more complete list of insects that feed on Curly Dock and other dock species. Curly dock seedlings vary in color, from entirely green to red tinged in cooler months. Curly dock is invasive in North America, South America, New Zealand, and Australia. Range and Identification of Curly Dock. Curly dock has wings of the fruit which are smooth-edged — in contrast to its curly-edged leaves. New green leaves that emerge in spring often are tinged with red. Although the leaves of this plant can be described as appetizing and a prime source of both vitamin A and vitamin B, it is best to be consumed moderately as it can cause urinary tract irritations. The seed is enclosed within the fruit, a papery or corky 3-winged triangular structure. Curly dock (Rumex crispus) is a non-native forb in the buckwheat or smartweed family (Polygonaceae). Curly dock inhabits agricultural land and other disturbed areas. Curly dock can be confused with other docks like broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius), however, the leaves of broadleaf dock have heart-shaped lobed at the base and are much wider and less wavy than those of curly dock.Chicory, dandelion and buckhorn plantain also grow in a rosette like curly dock. Get PDF Reader Stems turn red-brown at maturity and often p… Curly dock, a perennial broadleaf plant, usually grows in wet areas and is frequently associated with overwatering or standing water in low areas. Mowing will prevent seed production and reduce top growth. In more detail, the calyx of curly dock has smooth margins while the calyx of broad-leaved dock has horned margins. Contact Webmaster, © 2016 Regents of the University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Curly dock (also called "curled dock" or "yellow dock") is more than just distinctive, it's also useful: curly dock serves as a home remedy to treat stinging nettle burns--though it can be toxic to consume. Seeds may be dispersed by wind and water. Stem leaves are alternate, subtended by an ocrea, and reduced in both number and size compared with basal leaves. I may have planted it myself since I took some old seeds of a wide variety and just threw them around in a bare area of my yard. Seeds germinate from late spring through early fall producing seedlings. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Native species include Slender Dock (Rumex brownii), Wiry Dock (R. dumosus), Mud Dock (R. bidens) and Glistening Dock (R. crystallinus). The first few leaves are egg shaped to football shaped with a rounded tip and a tapered base. Fruits are covered with a papery, three-winged membrane with veins. Curly Dock RumexCrispus, commonly referred to as “Curly Dock”, is a safe selection for a snack if you’re in a tight spot with limited to no other edible options. Curly Dock Curly dock may also be called yellow dock, sour dock, or narrowleaf dock, depending on where they are purchased. This includes such upland gamebirds and granivorous Home Blog PLant encyclopedia Subscription What the press says about us The leaves, stem, and seeds of broad-leaved dock can be eaten like those of curly dock, but the root does not have the same medicinal qualities. Curled Dock refers to the curled or wavy edges of the leaves and it membership of the Dock genus. Flower parts that adhere to the fruit of curly dock can be toothed or have tubercles. (source) It is a member of the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. This perennial plant is not usually a problem in cultivated row crops. Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page The Latin name Rumex crispus was given by Linnaeus and appears to be the only name used in modern literature. Oder leaves have slightly wavy margins. This plant is instantly recognizable, and one of the ones that seem to "Spring up everywhere" once you know what it looks like! Younger plants tend to have foliage with less curly margins. Curly dock (Rumex crispus), also known as sour dock, yellow dock, narrowleaf dock, or curled dock, is a perennial weed native to Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. The flowering stem is loosely branched and green, non-showy flowers cluster along its upper portion in a whorl. Although similar to red sorrel, Rumex acetosella, the mature plant has stout stems, whereas red sorrel has slender red stems. (To minnesippi) If you're not sure where it came from (neither you or your mother planted it) just make sure that it's really horseradish and not curly dock (see below) - if it's horseradish the root should smell like horseradish! Identification and Life Cycle. Michigan State University has a detailed profile of non-chemical management for curly dock. The genus name 'Rumex' refers to a noun meaning acid. Stems are smooth and sometimes ridged. A tall seed stalk appears in summer. Contact UC IPM, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, © 2016 Regents of the University of California Other common rumex species include: Rumex obtusifolius – Bitter Dock or Broad Leaf Dock, as the name suggests, this type is generally quite bitter and has large broad leaves. Dock is from the Old English docce meaning a coarse weedy herb. Leaves are alternate to one another along the stem. Emerging leaf margins are rolled underneath the blade. Today's featured plant is Curly Dock, Rumex crispus. A single plant can produce 40,000 seeds. Photo by New York’s Integrated Pest Management program. Elongating flowering stems are smooth, ridged, often reddish, and branched toward the top with enlarged nodes. Curly dock leaves. If you have a disability and are having trouble accessing information on this website or need materials in an alternate format, contact web-accessibility@cornell.edu for assistance. Also, their leaves may be slightly rounder and broader than those of mature curly dock plants. It's fairly easy to identify, and grows abundantly throughout all of non-Arctic North America. Flowering occurs primarily in June. . Curly dock (Rumex crispus), also known as sour dock, yellow dock, narrowleaf dock, or curled dock, is a perennial weed native to Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa.Curly dock was introduced into the U.S., possibly arriving as a seed contaminant in the early 1600’s when the British brought crops and cattle to New England 1. Curly dock leaves are lance shaped; those of red sorrel leaves are arrow shaped. In its native range, different parts of curly dock are used as food and/or medicine. Cornell University’s Turfgrass and Landscape Weed ID app. Click on a link or image below to view the complete guide. Stems are erect and 1 to 4 feet tall. [citation needed] Distribution and habitat. Rumex obtusifolius is widely distributed throughout the world. Established plants emerge from the taproot in midspring, producing a robust rosette. Curly dock stands erect and grows 2 to 5 feet (0.6 to 1.5 m) tall. This plant also produces flowers that are mostly green with a potential hint of … Emergence: Emerges from soil depths of … Curly dock is also known as yellow dock, narrowleaf dock, sour dock, yaller dock, curled dock, Bitter Dock, Bloodwort, Coffee-weed, Garden-patience, Narrowdock, Out-sting and Winter Dock. Seeds are triangular, glossy, and reddish brown at maturity. Staff-only pages This plant is also known as curled dock, narrow dock and curly leaf dock. Fortunately, there is a European weed called curly dock, or dock plant, that is as pervasive as it is persistent. But the leaf shape is highly variable, both on a single plant, and from plant to plant. This ugly weed is curly dock, and when the plant is in its mature reddish-brown phase, it isn’t dead; in fact, curly dock can seem nearly impossible to kill. Common names are tricky for that very reason; they change from place to place. As soon as you catch a whiff of spring, you’ll start to see dock. Identification and control options for weeds common to turf, agriculture, and gardens in New York; uses a very simple decision tree to identify your weed. Curly dock is also known as yellow dock, narrowleaf dock, sour dock, yaller dock, curled dock, Bitter Dock, Bloodwort, Coffee-weed, Garden-patience, Narrowdock, Out-sting and Winter Dock. Curly dock has a mild flavor, a subtly sour note, and a pleasant texture, making it a very versatile ingredient in the kitchen. It goes by the common names Yellow Dock and Curly Dock. Plants may be poisonous to livestock when ingested in quantity. The aerial parts are a food source and the roots have strong medicinal values. This wild edible has a patter that makes identification a breeze. Get Flash Player Curly dock is called curly dock because it tends to have wavy leaf margins. Curly dock stem, stem leaves, and seeds. Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. Plants may be poisonous to livestock when ingested in quantity. Curled dock has slender leaves, usually tapering to a point and with wavy margins. Notice that on the edge of the leaf of Curly Dock there is a wavy “crisped” margin and also its relative thinness and “lancelike” shape. Flowers are visible nearly year-round. Weed Identification and Control Library We've chosen the most common weeds found in lawns and gardens, and provided the essential information you need for identifying and managing them. An ocrea surrounds the stem at the base of the petiole. This relative of rhubarb is a hardy herbaceous perennial weed native to Europe that has naturalized in the US. Stems are solitary or occur in small groups from the root crown. Curly dock (Rumex crispus) is a non-native forb in the buckwheat or smartweed family (Polygonaceae). Flowering stem has a few leaves and reaches heights of 3 ft. Photo by Bruce Ackley of Ohio State University, via Bugwood.org. Lower leaves are longer and more rounded than the stem leaves. Curled dock has tall flower spikes with … Also, their leaves may be slightly rounder and broader than those of mature curly dock … As a member of the buckwheat family, the plant has a characteristic membranous sheath at the leaf base and usually swollen stem joints (nodes). Curly dock (Rumex crispus) Since the seeds and seed stalks persist through the winter season, you can identify this plant by the fruit’s wings even in the winter. New basal rosettes of leaves form in early winter. For noncommercial purposes only, any Web site may link directly to this page. Spring application of labeled herbicides are effective in controlling seedling curly dock. Curly dock comes from Eurasia, so it's an invasive species here in the Americas. Subscribe (RSS) A stout, somewhat branched, yellow taproot may extend as deep as 4 feet, with side branches up to 3 feet long. The one-seeded fruit (achene) is triangular in cross-section, smooth, glossy, and reddish brown. Curly dock is an herbaceous perennial with tall, erect stems. They suggest chopping the plant a couple inches below ground, or any cultivation practice that will chop and bury the plant’s taproot. Yellow dock is an ingredient in some herbal toothpastes. Various upland gamebirds and granivorous songbirds eat the seeds of docks. Published: April 13, 2015. Cornell University’s Turf and Landscape weed identification app provides recommendations for chemical management of curly dock. Curly dock (Rumex crispus) is a member of the diverse Polygonaceae family, which encompasses 1,200 species, including trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs, such as buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum). Sequential applications may be necessary for control. sour dock yellow dock This plant and the related entity italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Stems are erect and 1 to 4 feet tall. Curly dock inhabits agricultural land and other disturbed areas. Caution: The leaves usually contain high levels of oxalic acid. Curly dock is an herbaceous perennial with tall, erect stems. The main compounds behind curly dock's health benefits are anthraquinones and flavonoids. Leaves are hairless. The succulent cotyledons (seed leaves) are three times longer than they are wide, have a somewhat rounded tip, and a stalk about as long or longer than the leaf blade. See our Home page, or in the U.S., contact your local Cooperative Extension office for assistance. Curly dock Curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) is a weed of low-maintenance orchards, nursery crops, landscapes, roadsides, pastures and forage crops. Curly dock was introduced into the U.S., possibly arriving as a seed contaminant in the early 1600’s when the British brought crops and cattle to New England 1. Curly dock's anthraquinones stimulate the areas in the brain that are responsible for regulating peristalsis - the movement of the intestines - giving the herb a laxative … It is found throughout California up to an elevation of 8200 feet (2500 m). Curly dock grows in a wide variety of habitats, including disturbed soil, waste areas, roadsides, fields/meadows, shorelines, and forest edges. Photo by Thayne Tuason. Leaves are alternate to one another along the stem forming a rosette. The go-to for weed ID in the Northeast; look for a new edition sometime in 2019. Basal leaves can be as long as 12 inches and around 2 ½ inches wide; the leaves become smaller as they ascend the stem. The fruiting stem dies back in mid to late summer, and the fruits and stems turn a distinctive rusty brown. As with other docks, it is often considered a weed of arable and disturbed ground, although it may be left alone on grazing land as extra herbage. Curled dock is a very common plant found in gardens, along roadside verges and hedgerows, on waste ground, and by water. A stout, somewhat branched, yellow taproot may extend as deep as 4 feet, with side branches up to 3 feet long. Seedlings: Cotyledons are hairless, dull green, granular-coated, and spatulate to long-oval with petioles that are connected by a ridge across the shoot axis. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices. Mature plant: Emerging perennials produce a robust basal rosette of 15 – 30 cm long leaves with wavy margins. Copper). Flowers are in clusters (15 -60 cm long) on narrowly spaced branches on the upper portions of the elongating stem. It is found throughout California up to an elevation of 8200 feet (2500 m). Exotic species include Curled Dock ( R. crispus ), Clustered Dock ( R. conglomeratus ), Fiddle Dock ( R. pulcher ) and Broad-leaf Dock ( R. obtusifolius ). Curly dock, a perennial broadleaf plant, usually grows in wet areas and is frequently associated with overwatering or standing water in low areas. Learning how to identify broad leaf dock is important for successful foraging. This plant is also known as curled dock, narrow dock and curly leaf dock. Rumex crispus - curly dock - is similar in appearance, but with thinner and wave-like leaves. The attribute 'crispus' means curled, which alludes to the curly and wavy leaves of this species, as does the common name 'curled dock'. You'll be able to identify curly dock by its greenish blossoms that cluster long thin flower stocks. Non-chemical control: Michigan State University has a detailed profile of non-chemical management for curly dock. A papery sheath surrounds the stem at each node. Curly dock (Rumex crispus) is a perennial native to Europe, Asia and parts of Africa. Curly Dock and Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella) are the two known host plants of the butterfly, American Copper. Younger plants tend to have foliage with less curly margins. It is a member of the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. Emergence: Curly dock seeds germinate in cool, moist soil from late spring through early fall as conditions permit. The leaves of curly dock are hairless, long and narrow, and often have wavy or curly edges—which is where it gets its common name. Flowers/Fruit: Plants flowers primarily in June, but also throughout the summer. Ditches, roadsides, wetlands, pastures, agronomic crop fields (especially those in perennial crops like alfalfa), orchards, disturbed, unmanaged sites, and disturbed moist places. Curly dock (also known as yellow dock, sour dock, and butter dock, as well as other names) is one of the first wild greens ready to harvest in spring. Curly dock Rumex crispus L.. Family: Polygonaceae (Smartweed family) Life cycle: Perennial, reproducing by seed Native status: Introduced Habitat: Pastures, roadsides, low maintenance turf, waste areas General description: Basal rosette of elongated leaves (up to 12 in long) with wavy margins.Leaves are a dull green. Acknowledgements Docks are in the rumex family, and are related to rhubarb and sorrel and oxalis. Curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) Life Cycle: Simple perennial. Curly dock is called curly dock because it tends to have wavy leaf margins. Young leaves are in a basal rosette, smooth, egg-shaped, with red spots on the upper surface. The seeds are useful and interestingly, yellow dock seeds are viable for up to 80 years. This wild edible has a patter that makes identification a breeze. Leaves: Leaves are shiny, progressively becoming more reddish purple through the season. Broad-leaved dock, on the other hand, has fatter leaves. Book published by Cornell University, Ithaca NY. Look for it along roadsides, ditches, edges of wooded areas, and in fields. Curly dock grows throughout the US and southern Canada. For established curly dock plants, fall herbicide applications are the most effective. Nondiscrimination Statement, Accessibility Ditches, roadsides, wetlands, pastures, agronomic crop fields (especially those in perennial crops like alfalfa), orchards, disturbed, unmanaged sites, and disturbed m… Weeds of the Northeast. Varieties and Subspecies of Curly Dock The plant has both basal leaves and leaves on the stem, which are alternate. (Note that burdock is a different plant entirely.) See comparisons of horseradish and curly dock below: horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Yellow dock is an ingredient in some herbal toothpastes. Curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) is a weed of low-maintenance orchards, nursery crops, landscapes, roadsides, pastures and forage crops. Curly dock cotyledon and first leaf. (source) Range and Identification of Curly Dock Broad leaf dock top, curly dock bottom. It looks edible but I'd like to know for sure what it is before I try eating some. However, in the similar looking red sorrel plant, the flower parts do not have teeth or tubercles. Curly dock (Rumex crispus) is a hardy perennial weed found in most American gardens that is anchored by a branched taproot. Perennial plants emerge in mid-spring from taproots, producing a robust rosette. Besides curly dock, broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) is the main species that’s eaten. Uprooting plants, chopping and then burying the taproots will control curly dock. Corky structures on the outside of the calyx allow the fruit to float on water, thus facilitating dispersal. But the leaf shape is highly variable, both on a single plant, and from plant to plant. It is widely naturalised throughout the temperate world and has become a serious invasive species in many areas, including throughout North America , southern South America , New Zealand and parts of Australia . This perennial plant is not usually a problem in cultivated row crops. by Erica Marciniec, www.wildfoodgirl.com Stare out across the empty lots and fields on the outskirts of Denver, Colorado, and you will see scattered clumps of dark green leaves towering above the grass. Flowers have greenish sepals that become reddish brown at maturity. This dock has large, broad heart-shaped leaves, unlike the long, narrow leaves of curly dock. Curly Dock looks just what it sounds like; the leaves are narrow and curl along the edges, they are about 15 to 30cm long and get shorter and smaller as they grow closer to the top of the plant. Stems are often unbranched below the flower head. This plant is about 2-3 ft. wide and tall and starting growing in my backyard in Georgia, zone 7, USA this summer. The young leaves are edible but become bitter when warm weather arrives. Curly dock grows throughout the US and southern Canada. Curly dock (Rumex crispus): learn and get advice on how to grow, care, sow, dibble, associate, plant, water, mulch, repot, propagate, reap, check on, identify. Uva R H, Neal J C, DiTomaso J M. 1997. sour dock yellow dock This plant and the related entity italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Learning how to identify broad leaf dock is important for successful foraging. For those who need to know precisely and with absolute certainty which plant they're dealing with, use the botanical Latin name. Curly Dock Control. 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Point and with absolute certainty which plant they 're dealing with, use the botanical Latin.! From entirely green to red sorrel plant, the calyx allow the fruit of dock! Identification of curly dock grows throughout the summer perennial native to Europe that has naturalized in the or! Flower parts that adhere to the fruit of curly dock by its blossoms. Turn a distinctive rusty brown know precisely and with absolute certainty which plant 're. To late summer, and the roots have strong medicinal values plants, chopping then... The Rumex family, and in fields of wooded areas, and in curly dock identification! Smooth, egg-shaped, with red spots on the upper portions of the buckwheat family, and from plant plant... Botanical Latin name dock and Sheep sorrel ( Rumex crispus ) is the main species that ’ s..
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