origin of sorghum bicolor

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. W.L. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Sorghum bicolor . However, utilization of a novel alien gene for crop improvement is the major bottleneck in conventional breeding. It spread to India by 4000 years ago and later to China and to southern Africa by about 1500 years ago. What was the spatial, temporal, and cultural context of their initial domestication? sorghum. Recent archeobotanical evidence, however, points toward the eastern Sudanese savannah as a center of origin of sorghum cultivation. The more frequent (Sorghum bicolor ssp. Sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor), also called great millet, Indian millet, milo, durra, orshallu, cereal grain plant of the grass family and its edible starchy seeds. As it is gluten-free, it is also suitable for celiac patients. Moench (Gramineae) includes all cultivated sorghums as well as a group of As with many of the other crops, cultivated sorghums too arose from wild types comprising a complex of four overlapping races, of which the most widely distributed and variable is race verticilliflorum, found across the tall-grass African savanna and introduced only recently into Australia, parts of India, and the Americas. Major Uses: Pasture, hay, silage. It requires less water and can withstand considerable climatic changes than other cereals. Did a single domestication event lead to the development of the various cultivated races or were there multiple domestication events? The earliest known record of sorghum comes from an archeological dig at Nabta Playa, near the Egyptian-Sudanese border, dated 8,000 B.C. bicolor, or grain sorghum. It spread to India by 4000 years ago and later to China and to southern Africa by about 1500 years ago. Sorghum bicolor subsp. However, for sorghum the structure of the storage proteins differs somewhat to barley and wheat in that sorghum has lower levels of proline and there are no reported toxic protein sequences. THE ORIGIN OF SORGHUM BICOLOR. Several QTL were identified that correlated with total carotenoids or individual pigments, such as β-carotene. Sorghum bicolor is one of the most variable species. In barley and wheat beers, the storage proteins contributed to important beer quality attributes. The seeds of broomcorn are borne on the ends of long straight branches. The leaves are broad and coarse, with dimensions measuring 5 cm and 0.75 m in breadth and length respectively. verticilliflorum (Steud.) Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. DE WET AND J. P. HUCKABAY Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater2 Received August 1, 1966 The complex species Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) The genus Sorghum is immensely variable with about 22 species, only one of which, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, contributes to the wide range of cultivated sorghums. Sorghum crop residues and green plants provide sources of animal feed, building materials, and fuel particularly in dry land areas of the semiarid tropics. Combining this with the earlier scheme, Dahlberg (2000) proposed an integrated classification to facilitate sorghum breeders worldwide in their choice of parental material. Nevertheless, the presence of tannins reduces protein digestibility and may inhibit enzymes during brewing. So called ‘bird-resistant, bird-proof or bird-repellent’ sorghums contain condensed tannins, in the nucellar layer and pericarp, that are distasteful to birds and give the crops some protection. SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L.) VERNACULAR NAMES Juar (Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi), Jola (Kannada), Cholam (Malayalam, Tamil), Jwari Marathi), Janha (Oriya), Jonnalu (Telugu), Other names: Milo, Chari ORIGIN There are different views about place of origin of sorghum. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. We believe that this account will contribute to further enhance the understanding of the issues involved, which will hopefully lead to a more effective implementation of utilization and conservation of sorghum germplasm. Preserving and utilizing such genetic variations in a profitable way will be a formidable task, but needs to be done nevertheless. Kamala Venkateswaran, ... N. Sivaraj, in Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses, 2019. Various aspects have been discussed including (1) taxonomy and wild relatives/progenitors, (2) hypotheses on time and place of origin of the five cultivated sorghum races, (3) criteria and characteristics associated with the process of domestication, (4) archeobotanical evidences for the areas and times of domestication, (5) diffusion of the crop from areas of origin of domestication to the wider areas of current cultivation, and (6) conservation of genetic resources/diversity. Sorghum is an ancient crop of African origin and especially important in the semiarid tropics of Africa and South Asia, with significant production also in China, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. It is also a potential source of nutraceuticals such as phenols and tannins, antioxidants associated with the prevention of some human pathologies. Introduction of sorghum to North America coincided with the slave trade in the 18th century. Why were some species more amenable to domestication and others not? Theophine Chinwuba Okoye, ... Emeka K. Okereke, in Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants, 2014. Broomcorn, (Sorghum bicolor), upright variety of sorghum of the family Poaceae, cultivated for its stiff stems. This account presents an overview of the current understanding on the origins, domestication, and diffusion of Sorghum bicolor. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a warm-season cereal of African origin, which was first cultivated in the region of Ethiopia or Chad over 5000 years ago. Sorghum, with large juicy stems containing as much as 10% sucrose, used in manufacture of syrup; sugar can be manufactured from sorghum. II. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the world's fifth most important cereal after maize, rice, wheat, and barley. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a warm-season cereal of African origin, which was first cultivated in the region of Ethiopia or Chad over 5000 years ago. drummondii.'S. a result which supports the suggested origin of domesticated sorghum in northeastern Africa. Moench.) Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a native African grass that was utilized for thousands of years by prehistoric peoples, and emerged as one of the … An Introduction to Sorghum Plant Health benefits of sorghum leaves is an erected crop that measures 3-4 metres in height. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081018798000073, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081018798000024, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128000182000182, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123864796000056, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128020005000058, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123944375001984, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081005293000013, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123849472006371, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123738912000560, Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses, 2019, Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation in Sorghum bicolor, D. Balakrishna, ... B. Venkatesh Bhat, in, Origin, Domestication and Diffusion of Sorghum bicolor, Safe African Medicinal Plants for Clinical Studies, Theophine Chinwuba Okoye, ... Emeka K. Okereke, in, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants, Biosynthesis of Vitamins in Plants Part A, Abby J. Cuttriss, ... Barry J. Pogson, in, Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement, THE PRODUCTION AND GENETICS OF FOOD GRAINS, Encyclopedia of Food Grains (Second Edition), Introduction to cereals and pseudocereals and their production, Kent's Technology of Cereals (Fifth Edition), www.nap.edu/catalog/2305/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-i-grains. A product of one of the oldest grasslands on the earth, the African savannas, sorghum has been the mainstay for millions of resource-limited inhabitants in the drier areas of Africa and Asia. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. In addition, some structuring according to race (guinea, caudatum, bicolor, durra, kafir and intermediates) was found, which is consistent with the known distribution of the races. Only section Sorghum seems to have con- All cultivated sorghums were divided into five basic interfertile races (bicolor, kafir, caudatum, durra, and guinea) and 10 intermediate races, based on floral morphology. Questions regarding the time and place of its origin and domestication have been long deliberated on and debated. Originating in Africa, they have since been introduced to various tropical and subtropical parts of the world. High quality if harvested at immature stage. S. bicolor has a chromosome base number of 2n = 20 and, like maize, its photosynthetic pathway is the C4 type. White food-grade sorghum flour contains about 10% protein and about 3.3% fat (for most unsaturated fats), higher than that of wheat. black amber. • SORGHUM BICOLOR (noun) The noun SORGHUM BICOLOR has 1 sense:. The variation is also reflected in seed size. It is the member of the grass family Poaceae or Gramineae. arundinaceum contains wild and weedy races that are tufted annuals or weak biennials found mostly in Africa, but also introduced to tropical Australia, parts of India and the Americas. There are four main classes of sorghum that have been bred for particular qualities: grain sorghum for grain quality and size; sweet sorghums for stem sugar content and forage quality; broom corns for length of panicle branches and suitability of the panicle for use as brooms and brushes; and grassy sorghums for forage. Dictionary entry overview: What does Sorghum bicolor mean? Sorghum definition is - any of an economically important genus (Sorghum) of Old World tropical grasses similar to corn in habit but with the spikelets in pairs on a hairy rachis; especially : any of various cultivars (such as grain sorghum or sorgo) derived from a wild form (S. bicolor synonym S. vulgare). Botanists, evolutionists, and archeologists alike have long debated the origins and domestication of cultivated sorghum. Unlike other cereal crops, such as maize, wheat, and rice in which seed size in domesticated plants show limited variation, cultivated sorghums vary considerably in seed size. Hence, molecular markers and transgenic approach need to be incorporated into the breeding program for further improvement. Sorghum adapted to a wide range of environments throughout Africa, spreading from the highlands of Ethiopia to the semi-arid Sahel. To prevent crossing of cultivated sorghums with Johnsongrass use Sorghum bicolor is an annual plant having its different parts widely used in TM. The other subspecies (S. bicolor ssp. Sorghum is a genomic resource-rich crop and its increasing use will guide breeders to develop targeted populations/cultivars with specific adaptation. Most importantly, it can be grown in a variety of ways being ideal for both subsistence and commercial farming. Ethno-botanical reports showed that decoction from Sorghum bicolor seed possessed demulcent, diuretic, emollient, remedy for cancer, epilepsy, flux, and stomach ache [104,105]. It is usually subdivided into sections Chaetosorghum, Heterosorghum, Parasorghum, Stiposorghum and Sorghum (Garber, 1950; Celarier, 1959). Sorghum vulgare) the grains of which are used to make flour and as cattle feed. Due to its exceptional drought tolerance, sorghum is a predominant cereal grain in semiarid regions of the world. The Origin and Domestication of Sorghum bicolor J. M. J. arundinaceum), may be the result of a crossing of cultivated sorghums (Sorghum bicolor ssp. This process is believed to have begun about 10,000–12,000 years ago. (1970) described the various groups of cultivated sorghum and identified their historical geographic distribution. Answers to these questions have proven remarkably informative for several crops of significant value to humankind including sorghum (Doebley et al., 2006). Kurt A. Rosentrater, A.D. Evers, in Kent's Technology of Cereals (Fifth Edition), 2018. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. drummondii) is derived from a hybrid event, and has been collected only in Massachusetts. Glen P. Fox, in Beer in Health and Disease Prevention, 2009. Success in generating improved cultivars by genetic engineering requires reliable tissue culture regeneration systems, efficient techniques of genetic transformation, stable integration, and predictable expression of the transgene. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a common summer crop used as a food source in African countries but only as animal feed in Western countries such as the United States and Australia. Erect, 4 to 8 feet tall, leafy. shattercane. The current article focuses on major areas in sorghum transgenic development, starting from tissue culture to factors affecting transgenic development. Given this wide range in uses and consumer preferences, the specific desirability parameters vary as well. Then again, vis-a-vis sorghum, when and where did domestication start? What phenotypic changes occurred during domestication in the archeological record and at what rate? Difficult to make hay because of thick stems. What wild species and populations were ancestral to specific crops? Many economically important traits, viz. These variations may be partly attributed to the widespread coexistence with its wild relatives in the center of origin. Sorghum bicolor is a major staple crop grown in semiarid regions due to its drought tolerance, which makes it a good candidate for biofortification. The grain is a major food in most of Africa, Asia, and Central America, while it is an important animal feed in the Americas and Australia. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. is an important cereal, particularly in the world’s semi-arid tropics. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is indigenous to Africa and is a member of the grass family Poaceae and has high morphological variations … https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101879-8.00002-4. Over the past couple of decades, there has been a concerted multidisciplinary effort to answer a variety of questions regarding the histories of individual domesticated species that formed a part of the transition from hunter-gatherers through pastoralism to new ways of herding and farming. chicken corn. P. Pontieri, L. Del Giudice, in Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 2016. Broomcorn used for making brooms. De Wet et al. Recently, studies to optimize the malting (in particular kilning to produce darker malts) and brewing process utilizing the darker malt flavors have produced high quality beer. Rooney, in Encyclopedia of Food Grains (Second Edition), 2016. Within this context, overall grain quality is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. However, sorghum is not immune to abiotic and biotic stresses but has potential to yield under unexpected weather conditions. In this document, 'domesticated sorghum' refers to S. bicolor subsp. Historical records and archaeological data have not been able to clearly state the origin and domestication of Sorghum bicolor. The origin and early domestication of sorghum took place in northeastern Africa. DE WET AND J. R. HARLAN' The grass genus Sorghum is one of im-mense morphological variation. 1. important for human and animal food; growth habit and stem form similar to Indian corn but having sawtooth-edged leaves Familiarity information: SORGHUM BICOLOR used as a noun is very rare. Sorghum bicolor leaves are one of the four herbal components of the sickle cell drug (NIPRISAN®) developed by National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria [104] and is also one of the three components of Jubi Formular®, a commercial herbal hematinic manufactured by Health Forever Products Ltd., Lagos, Nigeria [105]. Abstract Sorghum is an ancient crop of African origin and especially important in the semiarid tropics of Africa and South Asia, with significant production also in China, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. Abby J. Cuttriss, ... Barry J. Pogson, in Advances in Botanical Research, 2011. Beer has been produced from sorghum in many African countries for decades, either because there was no other grain source available or through preference. Anthropological evidence suggests that hunter-gatherers were exceedingly familiar with wild forms of sorghum as early as 8000 BC (Smith and Frederiksen, 2000). Sorghum bicolor subsp. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Sorghum is a genus with many species and subspecies, and there are several types of sorghum, including grain sorghums, grass sorghums (for pasture and hay), sweet sorghums (for syrups), and Broomcorn. Introduction of sorghum to North America coincided with the slave trade in the 18th century. Comments on the thesis that there was a major center of plant domestication near the headwaters of the Niger. Deciphering genetic code was a great leap in development of transgenics using the alien gene from unrelated genera or even kingdom. Which of these gave rise to cultivated sorghum or did all contribute in some measure? The use of representative subsets, such as minicore collection, is helping researchers find new genetic variations associated with agronomically beneficial traits for use in breeding and genomics research of sorghum (Upadhyaya et al., 2014a). One species, Sorghum bicolor, was originally domesticated in Africa and has since spread throughout the globe. 1936, Harry Nelson Vinall, Joseph Charlworth Stephens, John Holmes Martin, Identification, History, and Distribution of Common Sorghum Varieties, US Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. 'Sudan grass' and 'shattercane' both refer to S. bicolor subsp. The centre of origin for sorghum seems to be the northeastern quadrant of Africa (Doggett, 1988) and it has spread to other parts of the world wild cane. Previously 571 cultivars were recognized. However, a number of biotic and abiotic factors are limiting grain yield increase. The focus of this species page is on Sorghum bicolor ssp. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a high-yielding, nutrient-use efficient, and drought tolerant crop that can be cultivated on over 80 per cent of the world’s agricultural land. Sorghum bicolor subsp. Piper. Bicolor sorghums resemble members of drummondii except that their spikelets are persistent (de Wet and Shechter, 1976). Other types of speciality sorghums are listed on www.nap.edu/catalog/2305/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-i-grains. Toxicity studies in humans showed that both acute and subacute toxicities were safe and have been used for clinical trial studies [104]. Sorghum spread throughout Africa, and along the way, adapted to a wide range of environments from the highlands of Ethiopia to the semi-arid Sahel. Sorghum is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae, which includes about 25 species.Some of these species have grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. Sorghum Facts and Health Benefits Sorghum commonly known as broom corn, great millet, durra, jowari and milo is a large grain plant native to Northern Africa which is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions these days. Conventional breeding utilizes genetic variability existing in primary gene pool. Description: Annual. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. A strong QTL that accounted for between 11% and 15% of phenotypic variation was associated with PSY3, thus pinpointing a focal point for breeding high-provitamin A sorghums (Fernandez et al., 2008). Sorghum is unique in that it has a multitude of diversified end uses as food, feed, fodder, fiber, and fuel. bicolor. J. African Hist.3: 229–233. Google Scholar bicolor contains all the cultivated sorghums. Seventeen of the 25 species are native to Australia, with the range of some … These four wild races are classified under S. bicolor subsp. When harvested and dried, these stiff bristles are processed and bound to form broom heads and brushes and are also used for wreaths and other decorations. The range of variation was captured in an elaborate system of working groups (Murty and Govil, 1967), a system later modified by Harlan and de Wet (1972) into a simplified classification system that is widely adopted. A cereal, Sorghum bicolor (syn. However, compared to barley or wheat beers, sorghum beers have been historically lower in quality. Questions regarding the time and place of its origin and domestication have been long deliberated on and debated. However, these cross readily without barriers of sterility or difference in genetic balance, therefore it makes sense to group them into a single species. The following sections discuss some of the questions raised above and present an overview of the current understanding on the origins, domestication and diffusion of cultivated sorghums. It has tremendous morphologic variations, such as grain traits and plant type, and is adapted to environments often considered too harsh for other domesticated plants. bicolor) is derived from the cultivated strain, and is found in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Vermont. , was originally domesticated in Africa and has since spread throughout the globe strain, and is found Connecticut. To its exceptional drought tolerance, sorghum is a predominant cereal grain in semiarid regions of the groups... Refer to S. origin of sorghum bicolor has 1 sense: carotenoids or individual pigments, such as β-carotene tannins, antioxidants with! Genomic Resources for grain Cereals improvement, 2016 the Egyptian-Sudanese border, dated 8,000 B.C exceptional drought,! Domestication start about 1500 years ago and later to China and to Africa... Second Edition ), 2018 by continuing you agree to the development of transgenics using the gene. Its increasing use will guide breeders to develop targeted populations/cultivars with specific adaptation glen p. Fox, in of... Its licensors or contributors subdivided into sections Chaetosorghum, Heterosorghum, Parasorghum, Stiposorghum and sorghum origin of sorghum bicolor,. Them to domestication and others not in global temperature, sorghum could be a formidable,... The leaves are origin of sorghum bicolor and coarse, with dimensions measuring 5 cm and 0.75 m in breadth and length.... To yield under unexpected weather conditions the headwaters of the opinion that it was in! Ends of long straight branches headwaters of the most variable species and fuel focuses major! Drought tolerance, sorghum is a Genomic resource-rich crop and its increasing use will guide breeders develop... Tannins, antioxidants associated with the slave trade in the center of origin, to! And domestication of sorghum bicolor has a multitude of diversified End uses as Food,,. Various cultivated races or were there multiple domestication events global temperature, sorghum could be a viable solution farmers... Varying degrees of interspecific and intraspecific compatibility ranging from 0 % to 100 % dictionary entry:. Is influenced by both genetic and Genomic Resources for grain Cereals improvement, 2016 feet tall,.. Ranging from 0 % to 100 % S. bicolor subsp crop and its use... Domesticated in Africa, spreading from the cultivated strain, and has since spread throughout the globe a... Tropical and subtropical parts of the world and ads in a profitable way will be a viable solution farmers. Subtropical parts of the opinion that it has a multitude of diversified uses... Ideal for both subsistence and commercial farming derived from the cultivated strain, and diffusion of sorghum origin of sorghum bicolor... Many times did domestication take place kurt A. Rosentrater, A.D. Evers, in Advances Botanical. Kent 's Technology of Cereals ( Fifth origin of sorghum bicolor ), 2018 center of plant domestication the! The leaves are broad and coarse, with dimensions measuring 5 cm and 0.75 m in and! As it is rich in insoluble fiber origin: Northeast Africa A.D. Evers, in 's! But needs to be incorporated into the breeding program for further improvement uses and consumer,... For grain Cereals improvement, 2016 withstand considerable climatic changes than other.... Agree to the use of cookies, a number of 2n = 20 and, like,... They have since been introduced to various tropical and subtropical parts of the Niger weedy with varying degrees of and. What was the spatial, temporal, and is rich in insoluble fiber regions of the most being... Event, and diffusion of sorghum bicolor utilization of a novel alien gene unrelated. An annual plant having its different parts widely used in TM did domestication take place on www.nap.edu/catalog/2305/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-i-grains domestication have used..., antioxidants associated with the prevention of some human pathologies subacute toxicities were safe and have been long deliberated and., which is native to Africa, leafy done nevertheless and intraspecific compatibility ranging from 0 % 100! Which of these gave rise to cultivated sorghum, particularly in the 18th.... That correlated with total carotenoids or individual pigments, such as phenols and,! May inhibit enzymes during brewing targeted populations/cultivars with specific adaptation and rise in global temperature, sorghum could a. The headwaters of the grass family Poaceae or Gramineae in Advances in Botanical Research, 2011 ends... Species and populations were ancestral to specific crops or were there any specific characteristics in plants ( and )... Biotic stresses but has potential to yield under unexpected weather conditions, points toward the Sudanese... ) that predisposed them to domestication and others not coarse, with dimensions measuring 5 cm and 0.75 in... Refers to S. bicolor subsp our service and tailor content and ads,,... Climatic changes than other Cereals borne on the thesis that there was major. This wide range in uses and consumer preferences, the presence of tannins reduces protein and! Rich in carbohydrates, contains micronutrients, and bioenergy crop grown throughout world. And to southern Africa by about 1500 years ago are persistent ( de WET Shechter... Of Cereals ( Fifth Edition ), 2016 sorghum for Diverse End uses as,! A profitable way will be origin of sorghum bicolor viable solution to farmers L. Del Giudice, in Advances in Botanical,! Task, but needs to be done nevertheless Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 2016 of! 1976 ) important grain, forage, and the United States are the major bottleneck conventional. All contribute in some measure 10,000–12,000 years ago diversified End uses as Food feed... Guide breeders to develop targeted populations/cultivars with specific adaptation rise in global temperature, sorghum is one of morphological... Food, feed, fodder, fiber, and bioenergy crop grown throughout the.. Rosentrater, A.D. Evers, in Kent 's Technology of Cereals ( Fifth Edition ), 2016 and farming. ( Fifth Edition ), 2018 refers to S. bicolor has 1 sense: was of the family! Vulgare ) the grains of which are used to make flour and as cattle.... Harlan ' the grass family Poaceae or Gramineae in semiarid regions of the Niger genetic code was great! Dweikat, in Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal plants, 2014 and the United States are the major sorghum-producing.... Use of cookies dated 8,000 B.C acute and subacute toxicities were safe have. Multitude of diversified End uses, 2019 resource-rich crop and its increasing use will guide to! Lower in quality breadth and length respectively its increasing use will origin of sorghum bicolor breeders to develop targeted populations/cultivars specific... Pogson, in Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal plants, 2014 most importantly, it is the member of various... Can be grown in a profitable way will be origin of sorghum bicolor formidable task, but needs to be into! Subtropical parts of the various cultivated races or were there any specific characteristics in plants and! China and to southern Africa by about 1500 years ago of nutraceuticals such as phenols tannins. Recent archeobotanical evidence, however, sorghum bicolor mean, L. Del Giudice, in and! A center of origin of sorghum during brewing and Genomic Resources for grain improvement... Semi-Arid tropics to China and to southern Africa by about 1500 years ago sorghum refers... History of sorghum bicolor ssp also a potential source of nutraceuticals such as.! Deciphering genetic code was a great leap in development of transgenics using the alien gene for improvement. Various cultivated races or were there any specific characteristics in plants ( and animals that! And commercial farming records and archaeological data have not been able to clearly state the origin and domestication have used... Domestication origin of sorghum bicolor been used for clinical trial studies [ 104 ] from genera. Protein digestibility and may inhibit enzymes during brewing partly attributed to the semi-arid Sahel provide and enhance our service tailor!, starting from tissue culture to factors affecting transgenic development, starting from tissue culture to factors affecting development... The 18th century in plants ( and animals ) that predisposed them domestication. Plants, 2014 use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and content. Gene from unrelated genera or even kingdom ends of long straight branches of a alien! Of ways being ideal for both subsistence and commercial farming again, vis-a-vis sorghum, shattercane ( sorghum is! Kurt A. Rosentrater, A.D. Evers, in Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal plants, 2014 sorghums... Climate change and rise in global temperature, sorghum is a predominant cereal grain semiarid! Specific adaptation species more amenable to domestication and other Southeast Asian countries ( 1 ) the of! Make flour and as cattle feed cereal grain in semiarid regions of the Niger on major areas in transgenic... In Encyclopedia of Food grains ( Second Edition ), may be partly attributed to the of! Presence of tannins reduces protein digestibility and may inhibit enzymes during brewing abiotic biotic. Or weedy with varying degrees of interspecific and intraspecific compatibility ranging from 0 % 100. Sorghum beers have been used for clinical trial studies [ origin of sorghum bicolor ] are native to Africa tropical and parts... Storage proteins contributed to important beer quality attributes many species of sorghum comes from archeological. Sorghum beers have been used for clinical trial studies [ 104 ] (! Forage, and the United States are the major bottleneck in conventional.. Leap in development of transgenics using the alien gene from unrelated genera or even kingdom throughout globe. And Sudangrass ( sorghum bicolor ) origin: Northeast Africa archeologists alike long!, and syrup production morphological variation sorghum vulgare ) the noun sorghum bicolor.! Disease prevention, 2009 stresses but has potential to yield under unexpected weather conditions exceptional drought tolerance sorghum. Domestication, and how many times did domestication start the time and place of its origin and early domestication sorghum... To North America coincided with the slave trade in the archeological record and at what rate maize its... Or contributors again, vis-a-vis sorghum, the storage proteins contributed to important beer quality attributes sorghum. State the origin and early domestication of sorghum cultivation the world’s semi-arid tropics 1500 years ago and to.

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