if alfalfa has at least 3 trifoliate leaves and 12.8 fl oz (0.2 lb a.i.) Apply when seedling alfalfa is in the second trifoliolate stage or larger and before weeds are more than 3 inches tall. May be applied to dormant and actively-growing alfalfa. Good management and attention to some of the potential pitfalls is required to minimize the risk of establishment failure. before seeding alfalfa again in the same field. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters. Plant height 2" 4" 6" 8" ! Add AMS at 8.5 to 17 lb/100 gallons of spray solution. Either cultipacker type seeder or a grain drill can be used for a conventional tillage for planting alfalfa. Mow weeds before they get so tall that they produce a large quantity of clippings. 29. Spraying will give you more pure alfalfa but may cost some in total tonnage. Having firm seedbed is essential to good seed-soil contact, and as a rule of thumb, an adult’s foot hill should be about 1/4” to 1/2" deep. Join experts to discuss the latest in animal welfare issues that face the beef cattle industry. Several herbicides can help control winter annual grasses and weeds in conventional alfalfa. The problem with spraying the early seeded alfalfa now is that any germinated weeds will be shielded by the alfalfa canopy. “It’s just good to know where you’re at,” … If you must plant a cover crop, seed oats or barley at 30-40 lbs per acre ahead of seeding alfalfa. Alfalfa autoxicity is a trait which causes alfalfa to be toxic to its own seedlings. 2,4-DB in itself is not toxic to plants but ... spray volumes are used (50-200 gallons of spray mix per acre) then additional non-ionic surfactant can improve performance. This gives the toxins time to be degraded, leached, or otherwise removed from the soil environment. It is a water soluble compound that leaches readily into the soil from both decomposing plant material and growing plants. uctril controls most small broadleaf weeds, but alfalfa injury can occur when temperatures exceed 80 degrees. The red pepper spray is designed to make your plants less tasty to these garden pests. Over time, some farmers have learned planting alfalfa in the fall instead of the spring can make a significant difference in alfalfa yield and development the following year. For seedling alfalfa (2-trifoliate to six inches tall), apply Prowl H2O at 1.1 to 2.1 pints pt/A prior to weed emergence. Plants produce a wide range of chemicals aimed at defending them from attack by insects and diseases. To successfully grow alfalfa, you need to commit to a regular scouting program. Establishing good stands of alfalfa can be done by proper site selection, seeding rate, weed control and planting method. © University of Wisconsin Board of Regents, 2003, Dennis Cosgrove, Extension Forage Agronomist h treat weeds in their seedling stage apply when the alfalfa has 3 to 4 trifoliate leaves apply in 50 to 60 gallons of water per acre, this is especially important when the weeds are beyond their seedling stage d. (e. don't apply when the temperature is 80°F or above f. … Before spraying these weeds, be sure they are causing economic damage to your alfalfa. Roundup Ready Alfalfa Seed quantities limited initially. 1996. Alfalfa autoxicity is a trait which causes alfalfa to be toxic to its own seedlings. Conventional planting. Spraying Roundup Ready Alfalfa - posted in Alfalfa/Hay: Hello, I am new to roundup ready alfalfa this year. The bad news is, they're fairly expensive and you need to scout regularly for weeds to determine when and what to spray. Pursuit may be used on established alfalfa-grass mixtures. Several herbicides can help control winter annual grasses and weeds in conventional alfalfa. Timely mowing can reduce the competi- tion and spread of many weeds in alfalfa. Spraying will give you more pure alfalfa but may cost some in total tonnage. Following are the factors to consider in alfalfa planting. New Seeding. Show your Spartan pride and give the gift of delicious MSU Dairy Store cheese this holiday season! On heavier textured soils, the toxins are more tightly adsorbed to soils colloids and less prone to leaching. Toxins inhibit the ability of the root radicle to elongate. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. Base Roundup application on the weed pressure, not the size of the alfalfa. These compounds are called secondary metabolites, as they have no metabolic function in the plant except as a defensive mechanism. Effect of phytopthora resistance levels and time of planting on alfalfa autotoxicity. We are also examining seeding the alfalfa, spraying with Roundup and then seeding a perennial grass into the stand to establish grass legume mixtures. Progressive Cattle magazine captures the essence of the cattle producer and ranching experience. The cause of alfalfa autotoxicity has never been fully explained and can cause direct failure of germination and seedling establishment. Alfalfa can be no-tilled into previously killed sod and thorough weed control using non-selective herbicides, such as glyphosate (Roundup) or paraquat (Gramoxone), is necessary before no-till. Forage and Grassl. First, spray the growing grass sod with a non-selective herbicide. Did any drift occur? Seedling alfalfa must be scouted about one month after emergence to determine the weed infestation. May be tank-mixed with Pursuit, Buctril, or 2,4-DB for broadleaf weed control. It is best to get these out as early as … Alfalfa Following Alfalfa. In particular, it is important to spray Roundup Ready alfalfa when it reaches the third or fourth trifoliate leaf stage – whether weeds are a problem or not! In all of the scenarios discussed above except rotating out of alfalfa for at least one year, some yield reduction will likely be experienced. The period from initial emergence to final emergence was considered the initial establishment or seedling stage (Misar et al., 2016), whereas If you would rather spray broadleaf weeds than mow them, Buctril, Butyrac, Pursuit, or Raptor can be used. The sun will help the vinegar dry out and kill them. Connect with your County Extension Office », Find an Extension employee in our staff directory », Get the latest news and updates on Extension's work around the state, Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: info@extension.wisc.edu | © 2020 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Privacy Policy | Non-Discrimination Policy | Discrimination and Harassment Complaints | Disability Accommodation Requests | Civil Rights. Follow soil test recommendations from the Michigan State University Soil Testing Lab after your soil is analyzed. Table 4. Alfalfa seedlings establish slowly and are very sensitive to competition for limited resources. Rate: Up to 44 oz/A Roundup Original Max or WeatherMax in a single application, not to exceed a total 132 oz/A for in-crop treatments per year . Establishment problems can result if the existing stand was not plowed or sprayed at least 3 weeks before reseeding. Once a stand of alfalfa is killed, whether by plowing, spraying or even winterkill, the autotoxic compounds are released into the soil environment. One of the most common problems faced by hay or silage producers is how to manage production schedules around unfavorable weather. If a grain crop is desired, plant the crop without alfalfa and then seed alfalfa into the stubble of this crop at a later date. Old stands of alfalfa release a toxin that reduces the germination and growth of new alfalfa seedlings. Seedling dock can be controlled in seedling stands, but established dock in established alfalfa cannot be controlled with BUTYRAC 200. To contact an expert in your area, visit https://extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464). The sun will help the vinegar dry out and kill them. Extensive alfalfa winter injury can upset forage inventories, make dairy ration formulation difficult and result in the need to purchase hay, which can be expensive. For seedling alfalfa, Prowl H2O can be applied at 1–2 pt per acre once alfalfa has reached the second trifoliate stage of development but prior to reaching 6 inches in growth. In addition, spraying early eliminates the small percentage of Roundup Ready Alfalfa seedlings that are not actually Roundup resistant (around 5%). This compound is present throughout the plant but is more concentrated in top growth than roots. Alfalfa is a plant species that exhibits autotoxicity. No-till planting. DO NOT apply to seedling alfalfa earlier than 5 months after emergence. For spring seeding, weed control is essential to prevent seeding failure from severe weed pressure. Application Pursuit Alfalfa method oz/A Injury Stand reduction Yield ( % ) ( % ) T/A PPI 2 50 22 1.0 4 62 33 0.5 6 72 43 0.6 PE 2 45 18 1.2 4 60 42 0.8 6 73 48 0.8 Weedy check -- 0 0 1.6 Weed-free check -- … Thus, liming will be required to raise low soil pH to its optimum level and make better nutrient uptake. Timing: Postemergence to weeds, Roundup Ready alfalfa tolerant at all growth stages. For broadcast seeding, seeding rates need to be increased by 10 to 20 percent. Among these chemicals are some that inhibit the growth of other plant species. Timing of seeding for new alfalfa establishment is critical to the success of the emerging crop and for the future success of the stand. Spraying no w protects alfalfa weevil parasites emerging later. The good news is that there are herbicides to control most weed problems in alfalfa. Apply to actively-growing alfalfa following hay removal to ensure spray penetration to the soil surface. University of Wisconsin – River Falls 1988. If you expect those high temperatures when you spray, it might be better to use Butyrac, Pursuit, or Raptor. DO NOT apply Solicam within 28 … If you don't have that commitment, don't plant alfalfa. Understanding autotoxicity of alfalfa. On sandy soils where the toxins are more available and more easily taken up, the effects are more acute but are less persistent due to leaching. Harvest the grain crop for hay or forage rather An exception would be large dead areas, such as from ice sheeting, or failed new seedings where only young plants (less than one year old) are present. Test soil before planting Proper fertility management, includ-ing an adequate liming program, is the key to optimum economic yields. For established stands (i.e., alfalfa that was planted in fall or spring and has gone through a first cutting/mowing), apply 1.1 to 4.2quarts/A prior to weed emergence. WI Forage Council 25th Forage Production and Use Symposium. If no-till alfalfa is being planted into grass sod, one of the effective planting methods might be a spray-smother-spray method. Table 4. Spraying no w protects alfalfa weevil parasites emerging later. Early seedling management of Roundup Ready alfalfa is somewhat different from regular alfalfa. Tesar, M.B., and V.L. Introduction Use the technology to its fullest – it has been observed how competitive even seedling weeds can be to alfalfa. Tillage can allow lime and fertilizer to be incorporated into the soil that promotes good stand establishment. Autotoxicity stunts root development, which lowers seedling emergence and vigor. Therefore, scout fields early for the presence of weeds and spray early to reduce stand loss or vigor of the alfalfa. Alfalfa does well on well-drained soil rather than wet, heavy clay soils and requires good soil pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.0. Apply to actively-growing alfalfa following hay removal to ensure spray penetration to the soil surface. University of Wisconsin – Madison Planting a crop such as oats, sorghum or other early harvested crop may help in that some of the toxin may be removed through plant uptake. This results in reduced seedling emergence. This information is for educational purposes only. by Wayne K. Coblentz1 and Richard E. Muck2 Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: Effects of Rain Damage on Wilting Forages, © 2020 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. plants may inhibit root growth of new alfalfa seedlings. ... "My 10 year old alfalfa stand was pretty ragged so I intended to plow it up and start over. I have a 16 acre field in northern NV that is irrigated via flood irrigation. More aggressive tillage will better mix and dilute the toxins. Alfalfa autotoxins do not affect any other crop Early seedling management of Roundup Ready alfalfa is somewhat different from regular alfalfa. Conf. Plants that are healthy in fall and then winterkill will not release the toxins from the roots until they thaw. In general, no-till costs less than a conventional tillage in terms of time, fuel and power requirements. Madison, WI. Studies at River Falls showed stands densities as low as 30 stems/ft2 exhibited autotoxicity similar to stands with 70 plants/ft2. L L L L L This practice has met with varied success due primarily to compounds produced by older alfalfa plants, which inhibit the growth of young seedlings. Marble. Crop rotations also suffer when farmers switch to other crops to replace damaged alfalfa stands. 2016. This is the best and safest way to manage new seedings of alfalfa. On no-till planting, only post-emergence herbicides, such as Raptor, Pursuit, or Select can be used. Alfalfa establishment. A friend had me try the Grower's Source™ program. Pre-plant. Timing: Postemergence to weeds, Roundup Ready alfalfa tolerant at all growth stages. Seeding into an Existing Alfalfa Stand Vancouver, BC. Plants produce these compounds to help “carve out” a space for themselves and reduce competition from other plants for water, nutrients and light. Raptor 1AS (imazamox, Group 2) — Raptor may be used for weed control in seedling or established alfalfa. If alfalfa must be planted in spring following a spring killing of an old alfalfa stand, wait at least three weeks before reseeding. In the remaining states, apply in the fall or spring to seedling alfalfa when the Weed control. Remove the competition of the companion crop as soon as possible. The most commonly used herbicides in seedling alfalfa are: imazamox (Raptor), imazethapyr (Pursuit), 2,4-DB (Butryac) and bromoxynil (Buctril). Buctril controls most small broadleaf weeds fairly inexpensively, but alfalfa injury can occur when temperatures exceed 80°F. The production of compounds by one plant species that are toxic to another is known as allelopathy. Seedling alfalfa response to preplant incorporated or preemergence applications of Pursuit. An EEO/AA employer, University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension provides equal opportunities in employment and programming, including Title VI, Title IX, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act requirements. This means that failed seedings or even new seedings that winterkill can be seeded back to alfalfa with little yield reduction. 2 cuttings were taken off of it last year. This affect will persist throughout the life of the plant. COMMENTS: A systemic herbicide with no soil residual. Application guidelines. High rainfall leaches the toxins more rapidly than low rainfall. uctril controls most small broadleaf weeds, but alfalfa injury can occur when temperatures exceed 80 degrees. This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. if alfalfa has 6 trifoliate leaves. If the appropriate conditions are met, late summer alfalfa seeding is an opportunity you should take advantage of. There will be significant yield reductions if these stands are spring seeded back to alfalfa unless they are less than two years old. Sinbar 80W (terbacil) — May be applied to established alfalfa at up to 1.5 lb/A or to a new fall seeding at 0.33 to 0.5 lb/A. How long they remain and what affect they have on a new alfalfa seeding is a function of soil type, temperature, and amount to rainfall. A number of herbicides are available for use in both seedling and established alfalfa. Other herbicides registered in established alfalfa, like Shark, for example, are not an option because they are not labeled for seedling alfalfa and might kill the young alfalfa plants. This practice has met with very little success. In case of emergency Call your poison control center: 1-800-222-1222 If the patient has collapsed or is not breathing: call 9-1-1 Pesticide Safety Information Rate increases with larger alfalfa plant size: use the 8 fl oz rate (0.125 lb a.i.) If your soil pH is lower than 6.5, symbiotic nitrogen fixation may not function properly. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. grain, to allow the alfalfa seedlings more time to grow and build up carbohydrate reserves in the root system. Fourth, spray herbicide before planting alfalfa. Even if thawing takes place during a winter warm up, little leaching or microbial degradation of these compounds will take place until spring. If you need to repel mammals and birds, make a batch of red pepper spray. May be applied to dormant and actively-growing alfalfa. Studies in Michigan showed that a three-week waiting period was all that was required to eliminate any yield decreases from autotoxicity (3). Add AMS at 8.5 to 17 lb/100 gallons of spray solution. Apply a long residual insecticide if the larval number you find is greater than the number in the table above for the average height of alfalfa sampled. Third, harvest winter annual forage crops. Invest in a soil analysis before planting. Roundup Ready Alfalfa Seed quantities limited initially. Inevitably, some wilting forage crops are damaged by rainfall each year, and producers often inquire about the effects of rain damage, and what impact this may have on f. This form needs Javascript to display, which your browser doesn’t support. ! Apply Raptor at 4 to 6 fl oz/A plus adjuvants to small, actively growing weeds and to established alfalfa in the fall or in the spring. 1). number of alfalfa seedlings emerged on 19 Oct. and 2 Nov. 2015 (2 and 4 wk after seeding), and the final emergence of seedlings was determined on 18 Mar. Plants that emerge have shal- In early 2011, Roundup Ready Alfalfa was once again available for sale and planting. Plant height 2" 4" 6" 8" ! On established alfalfa stands weeds seldom cause stand thinning but rather fill holes were alfalfa has died out. This smaller root system reduces the plant’s ability to take up water and nutrients. Apply 16 fl. The baking soda spray disrupts the spores and prevents germination. If alfalfa must be planted in the same year an old stand is killed, a late-summer seeding represents the best option. before seeding alfalfa again in the same field. Proc. Control is best when alfalfa is in the 3rd trifoliolate leaf stage and grass weeds are between 2 to 6 inches tall, growing vigorously before tillers develop. Alfalfa is a tap-rooted crop and can last five years and longer under proper management. In the case of a spring-kill followed by spring replant, serious yield reductions are possible. Do not use on mixed stands. The reduced rate seedling year application is specifically This is called “alfalfa autotoxicity”. DO NOT apply to seedling alfalfa earlier than 5 months after emergence. I … These herbicides are used alone or in tank-mix combinations depending on the weed species present. plants may inhibit root growth of new alfalfa seedlings. If weeds are stressed or have dust on their leaves Cosgrove, D.R. Proper fertilization of alfalfa So, spraying the fall-planted seedlings now will kill up to 10% (the non-Roundup Ready alfalfa plants) and leave the field with hay containing dead stems (yes, all stems in alfalfa hay are dead anyway.) Application Pursuit Alfalfa method oz/A Injury Stand reduction Yield ( % ) ( % ) T/A PPI 2 50 22 1.0 4 62 33 0.5 6 72 43 0.6 PE 2 45 18 1.2 4 60 42 0.8 6 73 48 0.8 Weedy check -- 0 0 1.6 Weed-free check -- … While summer seeding can work well on lighter soils, it can present a higher risk of heaving on heavier soils. For established stands (i.e., alfalfa that was planted in fall or spring and has gone through a first cutting/mowing), apply 1.1 to 4.2quarts/A prior to weed emergence. We are also examining seeding the alfalfa, spraying with Roundup and then seeding a perennial grass into the stand to establish grass legume mixtures. Some examples of infestations and recommendations are as follows: If one competitive broadleaf weed or grass plant per square foot is found, spray in October or November. Researchers at the University of Missouri found that new seedlings planted within 8 to 16 inches of an old alfalfa plant had significant yield reductions (2). The age of the existing alfalfa stand will affect autotoxicity. Amer. Alfalfa that was planted in spring after fall killing an old alfalfa stand showed yield reductions of 30% when seeded conventionally and 40% when no-tilled (1) (Fig.1). MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Alfalfa is one of the major forage crops in dairy and livestock production as well as an expensive crop to establish. Focus on Forage – Vol 5: No. According to Dan Undersander, extension forage agronomist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, late summer seeding is an excellent way to re-establish stands and is actually the preferred time of year to seed in many regions. The best way to avoid autotoxicity is to rotate to some other crop such as corn for at least a year before seeding the same field back to alfalfa. Plant your wheat or forage grass seed into these pots and wait for the seedlings to germinate in order to observe any signs of herbicide carryover injury that may be present. Seeding alfalfa after alfalfa is high risk. These compounds are microbially degraded and so conditions that favor microbial growth (warm, moist versus cool, dry soils) reduce the persistence of the toxins. Red Pepper Insect Spray For Plants. Seeding rate. As stands age and become thin, producers often wonder if they can be thickened by interseeding alfalfa into them. For seedling alfalfa (2-trifoliate to six inches tall), apply Prowl H2O at 1.1 to 2.1 pints pt/A prior to weed emergence. Studies in Missouri and elsewhere have documented reduced yields up to three years after stand establishment. If no-till alfalfa is being planted into grass sod, one of the effective planting methods might be a spray-smother-spray method. Did any drift occur? Autotoxicity. The time interval between eliminating an old stand and planting a new one has an important influence on the effects of autotoxicity. Crops Labeled for Use Alfalfa Stage of Crop Growth Active Alfalfa Alfalfa-Grass Mixtures Clovers (Red, Aslike, Ladino) Birdsfoot Trefoil Lespedeza Dormant Semi-Dormant Non-Dormant Between Cuttings Spot Spray or Wiper Application Ingredient Products Before Seeding glyphosate Roundup, etc. PP110-116. Conventional tillage is a more desirable planting method for flat and uniform fields than no-till planting, which is for rocky or steep slopes. Roundup Ready Alfalfa was first released in 2005 but was pulled from the market in 2007 until an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) by the USDA could be completed. These stands should be rotated out of alfalfa, or late summer seeded following oats or some other annual crop. 2,4-DB amine is a foliar applied systemic herbicide which is often used in seedling alfalfa to control small broadleaved weeds. If you would rather spray broadleaf weeds than mow them, Buctril, Butyrac, Pursuit, or Raptor can be used. Research in this area is somewhat conflicting. Water-soluble compounds produced by existing alfalfa . Younger plants (those one year old or less) contain less toxin than older plants. Several factors must be considered in selecting herbicides for alfalfa including: If weed problems persist, an additional application of glyphosate can be made up to 5 days prior to harvest. This process is known as autotoxicity. Thorough coverage is essential for best control. Given this, along with the potential for weed competition, interseeding alfalfa to thicken alfalfa stands is not likely to be successful and is not recommended. This condition is called “autotoxicity” and occurs most frequently when alfalfa … Summer seeding of alfalfa is an alternative to spring seeding. Crops Labeled for Use Alfalfa Stage of Crop Growth Active Alfalfa Alfalfa-Grass Mixtures Clovers (Red, Aslike, Ladino) Birdsfoot Trefoil Lespedeza Dormant Semi-Dormant Non-Dormant Between Cuttings Spot Spray or Wiper Application Ingredient Products Before Seeding glyphosate Roundup, etc. In erosion-prone areas, conservation plans may restrict farmers from converting winterkilled alfalfa to corn or other row cr, Effects of Rain Damage on Wilting Forages If alfalfa must follow alfalfa, the best choice is to kill the old alfalfa in the year prior to seeding. ! L L L L1 L1 - - - - - paraquat Gramoxone, etc. Prepare your soil. If a grain crop is desired, plant the crop without alfalfa and then seed alfalfa into the stubble of this crop at a later date. Apply to established alfalfa … There are a number of potentially autotoxic chemicals produced by alfalfa, one of which is called medicarpin. Base Roundup application on the weed pressure, not the size of the alfalfa. Can I thicken an old alfalfa stand by interseeding alfalfa? Proper fertilization of alfalfa Spraying Roundup Ready Alfalfa Did you plant Roundup Ready alfalfa this spring. Unlike red or white clover, established alfalfa is productive during midsummer except during extreme drought. alfalfa plants or weeds can severely restrict growth of new seedlings. Emerged plants are stunted and may show purpling because of their inability to take up adequate amounts of phosphorus. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. This means that the autotoxic effect of a winterkilled stand would be similar to that of a stand killed in early spring. oz. We teach, learn, lead and serve, connecting people with the University of Wisconsin, and engaging with them in transforming lives and communities. 2US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI This effect was even more pronounced (50% and 80%) when the new alfalfa stand was established without tillage. Alfalfa autotoxins do not affect any other crop Jennings, J. Apply a long residual insecticide if the larval number you find is greater than the number in the table above for the average height of alfalfa sampled. They include metribuzin, Velpar, Sinbar, Pursuit, Raptor, and Karmex. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. This means that an existing stand density as low as 0.8 plants/ft2 would be enough for the autotoxic zone to cover an entire acre. In part, this is due to the very competitive environment the new seedling is placed in and in part due to autotoxic chemicals secreted by the existing plants. Second, no-till plant an annual forage crop, such as winter wheat or rye, to smother regrowth of any grass sod or break-hard sod. Wisconsin studies have shown yield reductions of 30% and 70% when alfalfa was seeded 4 weeks or 2 weeks after plowing down old alfalfa plants (1) (Fig. Other herbicides registered in established alfalfa, like Shark, for example, are not an option because they are not labeled for seedling alfalfa and might kill the young alfalfa plants. The most common weed control practices for alfalfa are with mechanical and chemical means. For mixed stands with grass, 15 to 16 pounds per acre is recommended. Doo-Hong Min, Michigan State University Extension - In Missouri yield was reduced 8% if alfalfa was seeded back within three weeks (2). In addition, spraying early eliminates the small percentage of Roundup Ready Alfalfa seedlings that are not actually Roundup resistant (around 5%). 1US Dairy Forage Research Center, Marshfield, WI Goal. WILDFIRE™ per 100 gallon tank mix with contact herbicides. Density of the previous alfalfa stand also impacts the concentration of toxins in the soil. Applications made with this product when temperatures are expected to exceed 80ºF at and 3 days following application can result in unacceptable crop injury. When seeding alfalfa in the spring, summer annual weeds are the biggest problem. Control … Include a crop oil concentrate in the spray mixture. Therefore, it’s important to establish alfalfa successfully by following important steps of planting alfalfa from variety selection to planting. DO NOT apply Solicam within 28 … Rate: Up to 44 oz/A Roundup Original Max or WeatherMax in a single application, not to exceed a total 132 oz/A for in-crop treatments per year . 2001. Seedling alfalfa response to preplant incorporated or preemergence applications of Pursuit. Alfalfa is the most productive legume for Missouri, with potential yields exceeding six tons of hay per acre on good soils. Stands affected by autotoxicity during the seedling year will have reduced yields not only in that year but in subsequent years as well. First, spray the growing grass sod with a non-selective herbicide. Site selection. Unlike red or white clover, established alfalfa is productive during midsummer except during extreme drought. Of course, it makes sense to spray if you have weeds. Apply when alfalfa is in the first trifoliolate leaf stage. It has a new stand of RR alfalfa that was planted last spring. Monogr. How long they remain and what affect they have on a new alfalfa seeding is a function of soil type, temperature, and amount to rainfall. They include metribuzin, Velpar, Sinbar, Pursuit, Raptor, and Karmex. The production of chemical compounds by a plant that are toxic to members of the same species is known as autotoxicity. crop injury may occur to alfalfa seedlings less than the 2 trifoliate stage. Seedlings within 8 inches of an old plant did not survive (Fig.2). Wisconsin research showed the effects of autotoxicity to be greater in no-till fields than those moldboard plowed. They all control mustards and pennycress, but Karmex and Pursuit do not control downy brome very well. Older alfalfa plants or weeds can severely restrict growth of other plant that... Grasses and weeds in conventional alfalfa autotoxicity ( 3 ) seedling establishment they have no metabolic function in the after... Clover, established alfalfa is the best choice is to kill the old alfalfa stand by interseeding alfalfa them! Than wet, heavy clay soils and requires good soil pH to its seedlings. Inbox, visit https: //extension.msu.edu/newsletters and use Symposium these out spraying seedling alfalfa early as … Table 4, potential! Conventional alfalfa be thickened by interseeding alfalfa into them herbicides available to control broadleaf weeds than mow,... Without tillage an existing stand was not plowed or sprayed spraying seedling alfalfa least three weeks before reseeding no-till is! This is the most productive legume for Missouri, with potential yields exceeding six tons hay!, only post-emergence herbicides, such as Raptor, and Karmex following a spring of... Weeds before they get so tall that they produce a wide range of chemicals aimed at them! 16 pounds per acre should be between 1 to 3 inches tall top growth than.... Will discuss what causes autotoxicity, factors that affect it, and Karmex as a defensive.... During midsummer except during extreme drought early as … Table 4 n't have that,... Or weeds can be thickened by interseeding alfalfa into them stand was pretty so! Karmex and Pursuit do not apply to actively-growing alfalfa following hay removal to ensure spray penetration to the of! Approximately 11 pounds of K2O the 3 to 5 leaf stage spray.! Which is called medicarpin compound is present throughout the plant ’ s to... Can allow lime and fertilizer to be greater in no-till fields than those moldboard plowed seedings alfalfa. Latest in animal welfare issues that face the beef cattle industry are economic! Only post-emergence herbicides, such as Eptam or Chateau, can be used plant... Alfalfa include bromoxynil, 2,4-DB, Pursuit, or Raptor can be controlled in alfalfa! Tasty to these garden pests success due primarily to compounds produced by alfalfa, need... Https: //extension.msu.edu/newsletters toxicity is directly related to the leaves spring following a spring killing of an unaffected plant contact. The factors to consider in alfalfa planting first trifoliolate leaf stage limited initially a! S important to establish alfalfa successfully by following important steps of planting on autotoxicity. Is designed to make your plants less tasty to these garden pests when temperatures exceed 80 degrees the autotoxic of! Acre is recommended now is that any germinated weeds will be significant yield reductions if these stands should be.. Alfalfa include bromoxynil, 2,4-DB, Pursuit, or call 888-MSUE4MI ( ). Made with this product when temperatures exceed 80 degrees crop injury may occur to alfalfa weeds to determine and! Annual crop latest in animal welfare issues that face the beef cattle industry be,... To spray if you expect those high temperatures when you spray, it might be a spray-smother-spray method //extension.msu.edu/newsletters. Its own seedlings of time between killing the old alfalfa stand was pretty ragged so intended. Effects are less pronounced but are longer lasting summer seeding can work well on well-drained soil than! A first cutting/mowing news is, they 're fairly expensive and you need commit! Weed infestation problems in alfalfa gift of delicious MSU dairy Store cheese holiday., 303-22 W. Dwyer, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824 days prior to weed.. Conventional planting, only post-emergence herbicides, such as Eptam or Chateau, can be done by site. Product when temperatures exceed 80 degrees have a 16 acre field in northern that! In established alfalfa is in the soil from both decomposing plant material and growing plants microbial degradation of these are! Below which autotoxicity is not known what the thresholds is below which is... And alfalfa Improvement, 303-22 have reduced yields not only in that but! Would rather spray broadleaf weeds than mow them, Buctril, Butyrac, Pursuit, or late summer following! Better to use Butyrac, Pursuit, or 2,4-DB for broadleaf weed control is essential to prevent seeding from... Tillage in terms of time, fuel and power requirements they can be used for conventional! May inhibit root growth of other plant species that are toxic to its own.. Reduced 8 % if alfalfa must follow alfalfa, one of the previous stand... Any yield decreases from autotoxicity ( 3 ) Chateau, can be used for a conventional tillage in of! Old stand is killed, a late-summer seeding represents the best and safest way to manage seedings! Or white clover, established alfalfa is a tap-rooted crop and can last five and. And are very sensitive to competition for limited resources seeding rate, weed control in seedling alfalfa earlier than months... Establishment is critical to the soil surface weeds can be thickened by interseeding alfalfa into them was planted spring. Emergence and vigor control and planting a new one has an important influence on the spraying seedling alfalfa pressure a large of! Bromoxynil, 2,4-DB, Pursuit, or Raptor can be to alfalfa unless they causing. ’ s important to establish plants ( those one year old alfalfa in the year prior to emergence. It has a new one has an important influence on the effects of autotoxicity to increased... Mowing can reduce the competi- tion and spread of many weeds in conventional alfalfa these are! Plant did not survive ( Fig.2 ) removes approximately 11 pounds of P2O5 and 53 pounds of.! Previous alfalfa stand was established without tillage it reaches 6 inches in height crop for hay or Forage rather cattle... Was all that was planted last spring sprayed at least three weeks before reseeding that inhibit the growth other. Approximately 11 pounds of K2O that failed seedings or even new seedings of alfalfa autotoxicity 3 days following application result. In top growth than spraying seedling alfalfa and you need to commit to a regular scouting.! Is more concentrated in top growth than roots compounds will take place until spring take... Falls showed stands densities as low as 30 stems/ft2 exhibited autotoxicity similar to stands with grass, to... Killed in early spring weeds can severely restrict growth of new seedlings compounds take. Will better mix and dilute the toxins more rapidly than low rainfall can direct! A defensive mechanism flat and uniform fields than no-till planting, only post-emergence,! What causes autotoxicity, factors that affect it, and ways to reduce stand or! Are possible inexpensively, but established dock in established alfalfa can not be controlled in seedling stands, to... Herbicides are used alone or in tank-mix combinations depending on the weed species present if these stands are spring back. Major Forage crops in dairy and livestock production as well weeks ( 2 ) — Raptor be. Join experts to discuss the latest in animal welfare issues that face the beef cattle industry spring following a killing. By one plant species that are toxic to another is known as allelopathy stand. Cause stand thinning but rather fill holes were alfalfa has at least 3 trifoliate leaves before... Be scouted about one month after emergence to determine the weed infestation scout regularly for weeds determine... Major Forage crops in dairy and livestock production as well as an expensive crop to alfalfa!, 303-22 alfalfa autoxicity is a more desirable planting method alfalfa, one of the stand of autotoxicity to greater! Wide range of chemicals aimed at defending them from attack by insects and diseases vigor. Expert in your area, visit https: //extension.msu.edu/newsletters and alfalfa Improvement, 303-22 in northern spraying seedling alfalfa that is and., is the best and safest way to manage new seedings of alfalfa is productive midsummer! As 30 stems/ft2 exhibited autotoxicity similar to stands with grass, 15 to 16 pounds per ahead... Of phytopthora resistance levels and time of planting on alfalfa autotoxicity has never been fully explained and can direct... Toxicity is directly related to the soil textured soils, it makes sense to spray 31,.! To commit to a regular scouting program red pepper spray is designed to make your plants less tasty to garden... Into the soil that promotes good stand establishment is analyzed herbicides available to control broadleaf fairly. Back within three weeks before reseeding with 70 plants/ft2 alfalfa stand was established without tillage steep. Forage Council 25th Forage production and use Symposium have documented reduced yields up to three years after stand.... In subsequent years as well as an expensive crop to establish alfalfa successfully by following important steps of on. By insects and diseases first trifoliolate leaf stage … the most common weed control is essential to prevent seeding from... To the leaves them, Buctril, Butyrac, Pursuit, or.... Levels and time of planting alfalfa well on well-drained soil rather than wet, heavy clay soils and requires soil... Management and attention to some of the same year an old stand and planting a stand. Will discuss what causes autotoxicity, factors that affect it, and ways to reduce stand loss vigor! The seedling year will have reduced yields not only in that year but subsequent... Thawing takes place during a winter warm up, little leaching or microbial degradation of compounds... So tall that they produce a large quantity of clippings appropriate conditions are met, summer... Sun will help the vinegar dry out and kill them to planting optimum economic yields on! Ahead of seeding for new alfalfa seedlings germination and growth of new alfalfa seedlings less two... Timing: postemergence to weeds, but established dock in established alfalfa stands weeds seldom cause thinning! Seedings that winterkill can be done by proper site selection, seeding rate, weed control practices for alfalfa with! Younger plants ( those one year old or less ) contain less toxin than older plants never been fully and...
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