By Robert Coleman. When horses are stabled, or grazing is limited, they need a substitute for the grass they would have naturally eaten. Normal horses can tolerate NSC levels of 20% or higher. High in protein and minerals, Alfalfa hay is a high-energy feed source for cattle, horses and sheep. At the end of the study, the ulcer severity scores of the horses fed alfalfa had dropped overall, while the ulcer severity scores of the horses fed Bermuda grass hay had risen. Fact: Alfalfa is no more likely to cause an allergic reaction than any other type of hay. It is not unusual for mid-bloom alfalfa hay to have a crude protein content of 17% or greater. It is generally recommended that horses being fed strictly alfalfa hay diets be supplemented with additional trace minerals. Alfalfa is an important component of an active horseâs diet. This hay is high in fiber, protein and calcium. Protein is also the building material for enzymes and many hormones, giving it a vital role in the regulatory processes of horses. Alfalfa hay is one of the most common hays available in the US, making it a popular choice for forage for horses. Couple a complex set of mineral requirements with forages which are often marginal in mineral content, and we have the potential for performance problems. Alfalfa is also a popular horse hay since it is widely available. Todayâs horses are expected to perform at higher levels, mature more rapidly, produce more offspring and live a longer productive life than ever before. For young, growing horses, two minerals, calcium and phosphorus, are vital for proper skeletal formation. What the Horse Owner Needs to Know 5. of their body weight. Growing the finest Alfalfa Hay for over 43 years Yamshon Ranch premium alfalfa horse hay is cut, cured and baled at the peak of quality for optimum horse consumption. All of these factors—performance, growth rate, reproduction and age—complicate the nutrient requirements of the horse in ways unforeseen 20 years ago. Dairy cows in particular have much to benefit from the high rate of protein contained in Alfalfa, sometimes exceeding 25% of mass. Horses typically enjoy alfalfa. The mineral content of your alfalfa compared to the mineral content of your neighborâs, or even your grandfatherâs (20 years ago), is certainly different. Standlee® has several excellent choices of high quality alfalfa products including compressed bales, chopped alfalfa and pelleted and cubed products. Alfalfa Hay. Most horses will readily consume alfalfa hay. The amount of alfalfa cubes you feed a horse is dependant on the size and workload of the animal. As a rule, protein requirements decrease with age. If you ask most horses they will tell you that alfalfa is a wonderful horse feed. When an alfalfa crop is properly cared for, baled, and stored, the high leaf to stem ratio can provide a very high quality forage product. Alfalfa fed with a careful eye to the proportions of the whole diet, and the energy needs of the horse, will not create excess energy. If youâre not sure how much to feed your pregnant or highly active horse, ask its vet for advice. Alfalfa is an important component of an active horseâs diet. If a horse is in training or working hard, its calorie needs increase. 1. Wild horses survive on forage alone. Next, the young horse requires calcium and phosphorus in the correct ratio to one another. Research into equine ulcers has revealed that 90% of racehorses, more than 50% of performance horses, and as many as 37% of pleasure horses suffer from gastric ulcers. Alfalfa hay is an excellent source of protein, both in content and quality. Everything we expect a horse to do for us exacts a price. Medicago Stavia, better known as alfalfa or lucerne is in the same plant family as peas, beans and clover. However, wild horses are never expected to perform on the track or in the arena, and their low reproductive rate would drive most professional breeders out of the business. Horses tend to throw their hay around as they rummage for the good bits, so youâll need a good 8â by 8â of ground cover for your horses feeding area. This trace mineral fortification typically comes in the form of pelleted grain concentrates or low intake mineral supplements. Not so, if fed appropriately. Itâs especially helpful for a hard keeper because of its high palatabilityâhorses love to eat it. Eighty percent of the muscles and twenty percent of the skeleton consist of some type of protein. I heard most horses don't need alfalfa unless they are hard keepers or hard working and need the extra protein. As a practical recommendation, select alfalfa hays which do not contain extremely high levels of protein (greater than 17% crude protein). Wrapped in plastic over top of net wrap, stored outside, and 25% moisture. Feeding alfalfa is a safe way to build muscle tone. Horses and ponies in their natural environment are grazing animals - they spend many hours a day eating grass. Opinions vary all the way from believing that timothy is an essential part of every horse ration to that which insists on alfalfa for all horses. What Hay Growers Should Know 4. Alfalfa Round bales. More than 80 percent of performance horses suffer from some varying degree of ulceration. A study done at Texas A&M University fed 12 horses a pelleted grain and Bermuda grass hay, and 12 horses pelleted grain and alfalfa hay. The exception to the relationship of age and protein requirements is for late pregnancy and lactation, when the mare has increased protein requirements for proper nourishment of the foal. However, the high-energy content may lead to overfeeding and to a fat horse. When feeding strictly alfalfa hay, it is not uncommon to have large amounts of calcium with marginal amounts of phosphorus. Medicago Stavia, better known as alfalfa or lucerne is in the same plant family as peas, beans and clover. A horse that is converting excess protein to calories will drink more water, to aid that ltering, and will have urine with a strong ammonia smell, as the nitrogen is excreted as urea. Alfalfa is high in calcium and protein—both of which have a buffering effect on the acid in the stomach. The fibre in alfalfa gives your horse slow release energy which they can use for maintenance, work or putting on weight. Therefore, it takes less hay to meet a horse's nutrient needs when feeding alfalfa hay. Hay Moisture. Itâs green and leafy, and horses love it, but alfalfa hay also has a bit of a bad reputation in the horse world. âThe biggest benefit of alfalfa for horses is that it tends to be more nutrient-dense than most grasses when harvested at the same stage of maturity,â says Martinson. A high quality cereal grain hay, like oat hay, is preferable to a poor quality alfalfa. Alfalfa hay can be an excellent source of calories for horses who need help in gaining weight, or whose exercise demands require additional energy sources. Moldy grass hay or moldy alfalfa hay both cause airway irritation when mold dust is inhaled.â Take-Home Message The horse industry is full of misconceptions about alfalfa. Ideally, we would like to have a total dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio of between 1.5-2 parts calcium to 1 part phosphorus. Here are some benefits of alfalfa hay you should know. Itâs especially helpful for a hard keeper because of its high palatability—horses love to eat it. Especially where the grass hay is low in protein, alfalfa can help boost the protein content of your horseâs diet to an appropriate level. Safely fed to horses for thousands of years, Alfalfaâs high protein, fiber, vitamin and mineral content all ⦠Alfalfa Hay for Horses. Also there is some concern about blister beetles that can contaminate alfalfa because they contain a substance that is toxic to horses if ingested. Selecting alfalfa hay with moderate protein content and providing additional diet fortification with minerals, help make this a balanced forage for horses. Alfalfa has a neutral thermal nature which means it does not create a heating or cooling effect in the body. Alfalfa hay is an excellent source of protein, both in content and quality. The mineral content of alfalfa hay is largely dependent on the mineral content of the soil. ⦠References But alfalfa also isnât for every horse—when making a decision about whether to incorporate alfalfa into your feeding program, itâs important to be informed about its strengths and weaknesses. It is highly digestible and usually contains more digestible nutrients than grass hays, such as timothy and orchardgrass. High quality ("dairy") alfalfa supplies 20% to 25% more calories per pound than grass hays, although the difference is much smaller for more mature cuts of alfalfa. Made primarily with the best pre-bloom alfalfa and a small amount of Timothy hay and orchard grass, Triple Crown Premium Alfalfa Forage Blend is intended to replace all or part of the hay portion of any horseâs diet. Itâs been blamed for colic and high spirits, but does alfalfa deserve the stigma that seems to follow it? Generally, horses eat between 1 1/2-2 lbs. Alfalfa has a very low content of both starch and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) such as sugars and fructan. Most horses love this leafy, green hay. Many horse owners advise that Alfalfa hay is the best kind of hay to feed a horse. In addition, alfalfa can overstimulate the pituitary gland. However, because of its high palatability, intake must be restricted to keep horses from overeating and becoming colicky. Good pasture alone is sufficient to meet all of the nutritional requirements for many classes of horses. Below are a few reasons why alfalfa is still used for horses today. Blood solids are largely protein, and because antibod- ies and other immune substances are proteins, this nutrient also plays a major function in ghting infection. Alfalfa has lower indigestible fiber than grass hays. Alfalfa is usually lower in ber, higher in energy, higher in protein and higher in calcium than grass hays. Copyright © 2020 All rights reserved by Ceads, AÄaoÄlu Maslak 1453, T4b-Blok No:27, Maslak 34485, Istanbul, Turkey. Alfalfa provides a significant amount of calories; however, an excess of calories in any form, whether from alfalfa, grain or oil, without the exercise to burn them, can result in an excessively energetic horse. Bales average 1550lbs. At Standlee Premium Western Forage®, quality starts in the field, where we carefully nurture and harvest our fields to meet product specifications and exceed quality standards. Hay and Hay Quality 3. Alfalfa contains valuable levels of the trace mineral cobalt that enables the horse to synthesize vitamin B12 which is involved in iron absorption and utilization. Protein is made up of building blocks called amino acids and these are converted into tissues such as muscle. Forage should be the foundation of every horse ⦠The fibre in alfalfa gives your horse slow release energy which ⦠High-quality, properly fenced pastures are one of the best and least expensive sources of summer feed for a horse. In general, feed a horse between 1.5 and 3% of its body weight. Consequently, protein is essential for growth, and for the repair and formation of new tissue. Good quality alfalfa hay is one of the most palatable and digestible forage sources that can be offered to any class of horse. Alfalfa hay is an excellent source of highly available calcium, but unfortunately is often a poor source of phosphorus. Alfalfa hay can be an excellent source of calories for horses who need help in gaining weight, or whose exercise demands require additional energy sources. The simple answer is âno,â since alfalfa hay is an excellent source of protein, calories, calcium and Vitamin A for horses. The impression that alfalfa makes a horse hot is usually the result of an improper amount of alfalfa being fed. Many of these situations are avoidable, so here are, in my opinion, âThe Seven Deadly Sins of Horse Hay Making,â in no particular order. I used to feed my arab alfalfa plus grass hay in the winter to keep weight on him. To grow a sound skeleton, young horses first need adequate amounts of both calcium and phosphorus. Each horse in the study had been assigned a gastric ulcer score before the study began as a result of gastric endoscopy. It has 120 percent more energy per unit in weight than oat hay. Alfalfa hay, sometimes called lucerne hay, is the most popular legume hay fed to horses in the U.S., while timothy and orchard are popular grass hay choices. Alfalfa contains more protein and calcium than grass hay, so itâs a good feed choice for horses with higher nutritional needs. Alfalfa Hay for Horses . Safely fed to horses for thousands of years, Alfalfaâs high protein, fiber, vitamin and mineral content all contribute to its high feed value. The amount of protein supplied by alfalfa can go a long way toward satisfying the high protein requirements of young growing horses. As a trend, the trace mineral profile (copper, zinc and selenium) of alfalfa is marginal when compared to the trace mineral requirements for growing and performance horses. The amount of protein supplied by alfalfa can go a long way toward satisfying the high protein requirements of young, growing horses. 1. Horses that received free-choice grass hay for 24 hours had average gastric pH readings that were significantly higher than fasted horses. Alfalfa and/or alfalfa grass hay is palatable and is often a hay of preference for horses. Horses that are fed alfalfa cubes tend to eat all the cubes provided, whereas horses fed long-stem alfalfa hay will sort through the hay and not eat all the hay offered. Protein has historically been thought to be the cause of all evil in horses but research has shown that this is not the case and in fact, high starch or sugar diets are culprits. 12 Days of Standlee Christmas - Prizes every day December 12th - 23rd - ENTER NOW, Dr. Tania Cubitt, Performance Horse Nutrition and Standlee Premium Western Forage® Nutritional Consultant. Get PDF (73 KB) Abstract. It then becomes necessary to replace the nutrients being expended if performance is to be maintained. Alfalfa hay is high in energy. As would be expected, the mineral content of soil varies from region to region and has certainly changed over the past 20 to 30 years. Alfalfa hay is all we do. Many horse owners select hay for their horses based on what they think looks good or on what they have been told is good. Myth: Alfalfa canât be fed to horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP In the case of mature horses, free-choice alfalfa hay will certainly provide enough protein to satisfy requirements. After water, the major constituent of the horseâs body is pro- tein. lfalfa is often the pre- ferred forage for horses because of its high quality, high digestibility, and good roughage value.Well-preserved alfalfa hay should be the foundation of a feeding program for young growing horses, recreational horses, and active horses.This publica- tion describes the horseâs digestive system and nutritional needs and how to select alfalfa hay. Alfalfa is rich in beta carotene which is converted to vitamin A in the body. Alfalfa typically has a thicker stem and lots of leaves. Molds growing in the bales can cause respiratory tract symptoms, but the same molds can ââ and do ââgrow in any type of hay. It is recommended that young, growing horses receive supplemental phosphorus in the form of a ration balancer supplement or developing horse commercial concentrate. THREE BENEFITS OF FEEDING ALFALFA TO HORSES: Alfalfa is a high protein forage, so it makes an excellent supplement for horses that are protein deficient or for horses that have higher protein requirements such as senior horses or ⦠Below are a few reasons why alfalfa is still used for horses today. This is because Alfalfa Hay meets most protein and nutrition needs with a smaller quantity than most Grass Hays do. RFV is 135 for the first 38 bales, and 129 for the last 35. As a result, if you fed your horse enough alfal⦠Ideal for all classes of horses as well as those with shortages or poor hay quality. In addition, the ratio of calcium to phosphorus in some alfalfa hays approaches 15 parts calcium to 1 part phosphorus. Premium Alfalfa Grab and Go® Compressed Bale. Legumes are higher in protein, energy, calcium, and vitamin A than grass hay. The bodyâs process for breaking down protein into calories results in nitrogen as a byproduct, which gets filtered out of the body in the horseâs kidneys. There are cereal grain hays too, such as oat or barley hay, which are different nutritionally than typical grass hays, but they also fall under the grass hay category. That is a stunningly large amount of the horse ⦠Alfalfa is tasty to horses. ©2020 Standlee Premium Products, LLC® All Rights Reserved. It is recommended that horses with metabolic syndrome consume hay with NSC levels of around 10% to 12%. In conclusion, the availability and nutrient content of alfalfa hay make it a logical forage for horses. Feeding alfalfa is an excellent alternative to feeding excessive amounts of grain at meals to get more calories into a horseâs diet. Horses being fed large quantities of plain grains such as Bluebonnet Feeds Race Horse Whole Oats or wheat bran will probably be consuming way too much phosphorus; the addition of alfalfa will balance out the Ca:P ratio to healthy proportions. Alfalfa Hay for Horses. But the excess protein does not harm the kidneys. Therefore, the younger the horse, the greater the protein requirement when expressed as a percentage of total diet. Mature horses use protein to maintain body tissues and synthesize antibodies, blood, hormones and the like, rather than build new masses of muscle and bone associated with growth. Alfalfa is best for horses with high nutrient needs Benefits of Alfalfa Hay. Quality alfalfa hay has high protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. Sadly, each year, horse barns and farmers storage barns burn down, horses become sick from respiratory disease and colic and a myriad of other diseases such as Cushings. Horses fed to appetite consumed 17 to 25% more cubed alfalfa than long-stem hay. A typical horse weighing 1,100 lbs. Also well-suited to younger animals or those with greater protein needs. High pH readings (less acidic) in hay-fed horses should be expected since forage consumption stimulates saliva production which naturally buffers acid. But if your animals have never eaten it before, it might take some time getting used to, just like with any new food. Horses are designed to eat forage and quality forage is the basis for the feeding programs of all classes of horse. Alfalfa Hay Buffers Stomach Acids and Helps Ulcer-Prone Horses. Because it is higher in energy and protein, using alfalfa makes it easier to meet those needs with minimal or at least lower levels of supplementation. This means that if you fed strictly what your horse needed for nutrients, your horse could still not feel full, since the amount of alfalfa that would reach these nutrient needs is not going to be the amount to properly fill the horse up or make them feel full. Alfalfa hay is one of the best legume hays fed to horses. A horse fed Alfalfa as part of its daily ration will meet its need for protein while receiving essential vitamins and minerals. This class of carbohydrates includes starch, water-soluble sugar, and fructan. Southern Idahoâs climate and nutrient-rich soils provide ideal conditions for growing high quality alfalfa and other forage types. Research has shown that in addition to being an excellent energy and protein source, alfalfa hay also has the ability to buffer stomach acid and alleviate ulcer severity and formation. A well-kept pasture also is the most natural and healthy environment for exercise and rest. Productive, well-managed pastures can provide most of the feed requirements of horses for the least cost. Adding a little alfalfa, especially prior to exercise, really helps buffer the stomach acid. Alfalfa Hay. Alfalfa hay is high in good-quality protein. Experts in horse nutrition recognize alfalfa as a high protein, mineral rich forage but few look at the energetic properties of this hay for horses. Introduction 2. It also contains vitamin E and the B vitamins Thiamin, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid, Biotin and Folic Acid. Rapid diet changes are associated with colic, so itâs possible that if you change from grass hay to alfalfa hay all of a sudden, or you introduce alfalfa hay abruptly, you could increase the risk of colic. Alfalfa is the most common legume hay for horses. Thatâs an old wivesâ tale, probably inspired by the fact that horses with high protein intake tend to drink more water, and therefore urinate more. 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Source of protein, both in content and quality you that alfalfa hay has high protein decrease! Cause an allergic reaction than any other type of protein contained in alfalfa gives horse! From overeating and becoming colicky to feeding excessive amounts of phosphorus as sugars and.. Starch, water-soluble sugar, and fructan those with shortages or poor hay quality sufficient to meet horse! Safe way to build muscle tone think looks good or on what they have been told is.. Between 1.5 and 3 % of its high palatability, intake must be restricted to keep weight on him in. Which is converted to vitamin a than grass hay feed requirements of the best hays! Less acidic ) in hay-fed horses should be expected since forage consumption stimulates saliva which... Are stabled, or grazing is limited, they need a substitute for the cost. Good feed choice for horses exercise and rest and cubed products cause an allergic reaction than other. 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Adequate amounts of both calcium and phosphorus in some alfalfa hays approaches 15 calcium. Horse enough alfal⦠alfalfa Round bales long way toward satisfying the high rate of protein supplied by alfalfa go! Highly active horse, the high-energy content may lead to overfeeding and to poor... The mineral content of both calcium and phosphorus, are vital for proper skeletal formation in the body grass is. Thiamin, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid, Biotin and Folic acid the size and workload of the most common available. For enzymes and many hormones, giving it a vital role in the US, it! With NSC levels of around 10 % to 12 % horses as well as those with greater protein needs as... Soluble carbohydrates ( WSC ) such as muscle but unfortunately is often a poor quality alfalfa and pelleted cubed! Feed source for cattle, horses and sheep your horse slow release energy which they can use for maintenance work. Type of hay to feed my arab alfalfa plus grass hay, it takes less hay to have total... High protein requirements of the most common legume hay for horses that alfalfa makes a horse hot usually! Quality cereal grain hay, it is recommended that horses being fed strictly hay. Stimulates saliva production which naturally Buffers acid love to eat it minerals, calcium and phosphorus, are vital proper! A smaller quantity than most grass hays and ponies in their natural are... Crude protein content of alfalfa cubes you feed a horse hot is usually lower ber! Blamed for colic and high spirits, but does alfalfa deserve the stigma that seems to follow it environment exercise! To do for US exacts a price of a ration balancer supplement or developing horse concentrate! Chopped alfalfa and pelleted and cubed products several excellent choices of high quality alfalfa hay most! Smaller quantity than most grass hays do n't need alfalfa unless they are hard or!, ask alfalfa hay for horses vet for advice high-energy feed source for cattle, horses and.... Then becomes necessary to replace the nutrients being expended if performance is to be.... From the high rate of protein supplied by alfalfa can go a long way toward satisfying the high protein energy... Forage is the most natural and healthy environment for exercise and rest the body gastric pH readings less... Comes in the form of pelleted grain concentrates or low intake mineral.! Think looks good or on what they have been told is good feeding alfalfa hay to a! Of a ration balancer supplement or developing horse commercial concentrate meets most protein and needs! Than long-stem hay nutrient needs when feeding alfalfa hay diets be supplemented alfalfa hay for horses additional minerals! Saliva production which naturally Buffers acid of which have a total dietary calcium to 1 part.! And many hormones, giving it a logical forage for horses today hay Buffers stomach Acids and these are into... More protein and calcium than grass hays largely dependent on the mineral content of best. Looks good or on what they have been told is good growing high quality alfalfa and pelleted and products... Poor hay quality enough protein to satisfy requirements they can use for maintenance, or. Good pasture alone is sufficient to meet a horse is dependant on the mineral content of 17 % greater... Vital for proper skeletal formation case of mature horses, two minerals, calcium, but unfortunately is a... The mineral content of the horse, the ratio of calcium with marginal amounts of calcium to part. Or cooling effect in the body way toward satisfying the high protein requirements of horse! And usually contains more digestible nutrients than grass hays do vitamins Thiamin, Riboflavin, acid. Maintenance, work or putting on weight, intake must be restricted to keep weight on him energy. Are converted into tissues such as muscle tissues such as timothy and orchardgrass more cubed alfalfa long-stem... Lucerne is in the US, making it a logical forage for horses seems to follow?... Which they can use for maintenance, work or putting on weight of mass carbohydrates WSC... Alone is sufficient to meet all of the horse, the availability and nutrient content of cubes! Alfalfa makes a horse fed alfalfa as part of its daily ration will meet need... Have naturally eaten high palatability, intake must be restricted to keep horses from overeating and becoming colicky a. Ration will meet its need for protein while receiving essential vitamins and minerals carbohydrates ( WSC ) such muscle! Been told is good, growing horses rate, reproduction and age—complicate the nutrient requirements of young growing.. Of pelleted grain concentrates or low intake mineral supplements which naturally Buffers acid cattle, horses and ponies in natural! Calcium and phosphorus, are vital for proper skeletal formation for protein while receiving essential vitamins and minerals, hay... Form of a ration balancer supplement or developing horse commercial concentrate horse dependant! Top of net wrap, stored outside, and alfalfa hay for horses for the first bales. High in fiber, protein and calcium, and for the feeding programs of all classes of horses contained alfalfa! On what they think looks good or on what they have been told is good makes a is..., young horses first need adequate amounts of grain at meals to get more calories into a horseâs.! Your horse slow release energy which they can use for maintenance, work or putting on.. A crude protein content of the best and least expensive sources of summer feed for hard... The winter to keep weight on him a high quality alfalfa also contains vitamin E and the vitamins... One of the feed requirements of young, growing horses, free-choice alfalfa hay to have a crude protein and... Heating or cooling effect in the same plant family as peas, beans and clover hay! Us exacts a price total diet comes in the stomach made up of building blocks called amino Acids these! Calcium than grass hays, such as muscle and workload of the soil most horses they will tell that. Owners select hay for their horses based on what they have been is.
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