cucumber calling steps from step definitions java

To be able to use lambda expressions in step definitions (Java 8), the corresponding library must be added to the project. ... called a Base Class and we can create it again under the Java folder or rather the “tau” folder and I'm going to call it “base” folder. They can also be used to hide implementation details by calling several reusable helper methods from one step Call a step within a step definition #1022. For example, in a Curriculum Vitae application, we might have: The first three files would define all the Given, When, and Then step definitions related to creating, reading, updating, and deleting the various They should be grouped in a way that This is why Cucumber supports several Dependency Injection (DI) Containers – it simply tells a DI container to instantiate your step definition classes and wire them up correctly. In Cucumber-JVM calling steps from step definitions is not supported; this is by design. How to handle multiple windows in Selenium. There is nothing to explain about the above class, as we just decided to keep only two objects in it. In the same directory, Cucumber will search for a Feature corresponding to that step definition. If you follow this pattern, you also avoid the It is, however, probably not needed early in a project. Handle Ajax call Using JavaScriptExecutor in Selenium? Within the TestContext object we have everything available which is required for the test. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. StepDefinitions.java relevant We will be performing below steps to share data state across steps: This is really simple, as we have been using Maven Project, all we need to do is to add the dependencies in to the project POM file. Any Gherkin step that begins with a new user and is followed by a single word will be mapped to this Java method. Also when you outgrow your test steps or feature files, Keeping all the steps in a single Step Definition class quickly becomes impractical, so you use many classes. This tutorial will tell you how to get started with Cucumber-jvm in Java. Right, Click on TestRunner class and Click Run As  >> JUnit Test. Edit this page. Chapter 1 - Three Amigos Session. Automated page speed optimizations for fast site performance. 10 Minute In this chapter, we will learn about Execution Order of Hooks.If you ever have worked with TestNG, you must know that it performs the execution in a certain order.The same way Cucumber also executes the hooks in a certain order. Tutorial. domain object. This means that anything ending in Create a New Class file and name it as TestContext by right click on the above-created package and select New >> Class. When you start with your project, all your step definitions will probably be in one file. The first reasonable division should therefore probably be no division. For every different page, we have a separate PageObject class. You would get the code in the below step. .kt Also when you outgrow your test steps or feature files, Keeping all the steps in a single Step Definition class quickly becomes impractical, so you use many classes. A good rule of thumb is to have one file for each major types of objects. Also, it also suggested to use the same version as a cucumber. ... it's time for me to go back to the Step Definition and extend the Steps with the BaseUtil class. StepDefinitions.kt Have passed 12 years playing with automation in mammoth projects like O2 (UK), Sprint (US), TD Bank (CA), Canadian Tire (CA), NHS (UK) & ASOS(UK). Chapter 2 - Cucumber. One way to split the steps may be according to the domain concept they work on. Divide steps between different classes according to something that is logical for the team. These might end up as unused helper methods to abstract them can do wonders. .rb As such, you can use abstract helper methods to reduce them into a single step: Your step definitions are the glue to the actual code (in this example, a factory method to decide which page to open). Cucumber will run the script the same way it runs in Selenium WebDriver and the result will be shown in the left-hand side project explorer window in JUnit tab. Step Definitions are written inside a class file. Getting Started with Cucumber BDD for Testing in Agile Teams, Data Driven Testing Using Examples Keyword, Convert Selenium Test into Cucumber BDD Style test, Page Object Design Pattern with Selenium PageFactory in Cucumber, File Reader Manager as Singleton Design Pattern, Sharing Test Context between Cucumber Step Definitions, How to use Hooks in Selenium Cucumber Framework, Data Driven Testing using Json with Cucumber. In addition, to make the article self-contained and independent of any external REST services, we will use WireMock, a stubbing and mocking web service library. .js Follow TOOLSQA for latest updates on QA Events and Tutorials. So we kept the initialization in the constructor and created getMethods() for both the objects. No it is not possible to call steps from step definitions. Please connect with me at LinkedIn or follow me on Instagram. If you want to know more about this library, please refer to the introduction to WireMock. file for each domain concept. Step Definitions are also known as Glue Code. You can help us improve this documentation. inside the directory in which Cucumber is run is treated as a step definition. So no need to add FileReaderManager to TestContext class, as this class can be referred directly statically like FileReaderManager.getInstance(). Install JDK and JRE. The easiest solution is, ensure you never have duplicate steps unless you intended to reuse the same step definition code – the general idea is to think of the language used to define a step in Gherkin as a specific task and another step using the same text is really the same task (at least when associated with the same package). To illustrate how this works, look at the following Gherkin Scenario: Dividing Cucumber Steps between many classes may be a good idea. documentation in Jira. Maven Repository – Cucumber PicoContainer, Page Object Model using Page Factory in Selenium WebDriver, Find Element and Find Elements in Selenium. To be able to create step definitions in Groovy, the Cucumber for Groovy plugin must be installed and enabled. We will keep all the Cucumber Helper classes in the same package moving forward. Calling steps from stepdefs is one of those features I wish I never added to Cucumber (-Ruby), because it provides so much rope for people to hang themselves with. You can handle other behaviours, like validating a web page, clicking a button, etc., the same way. While documenting your steps helps, making use of In case not, I request you to follow past few chapters before this: This chapter is all about Sharing Test Context between Cucumber Step Definitions. In other way, you can also say that each step depends on previous steps. Currently I am working with KNAB bank as SDET. © 2019 SmartBear Software. Increased scalability with reusable steps. The more they learn about the problem and the domain, the more natural the division will be. All Rights Reserved. I’M LAKSHAY SHARMA AND I’M FULL STACK TEST AUTOMATION ENGINEER. So the 'reuse' of steps is possible (Stateless steps i'd suspect would only really apply?) Only implement step definitions that This means that we must be able to share state between steps. Step Definitions — A Step Definition is a Java method with an expression that links it to one or more Gherkin steps. It’s a tiny library written by Paul Hammant in 2003-2004. relevant No it is not possible to call steps from step definitions. When Cucumber tries to execute a step, it looks for a matching step definition to execute. This includes both code snippets embedded in the card text and code that is included as a file attachment. I would just divide the steps file as I did the separations between the Page Objects. This is hard, but something good developers do all the time. For more information on step definitions in Cucumber, refer to Step Organization. It is pretty awesome because it’s so little and simple: Simply hand it some classes and it will instantiate each one, correctly wired together via their constructors. One of the supported DI containers is PicoContainer. Just start copying pasting information from steps class into the above-created classes accordingly. Dependencies information can be taken from Maven Repository – Cucumber PicoContainer. It is intended as a brief, easy guide. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. But sooner or later we will grow the number of scenarios. Cucumber framework supports many programming languages to write Step definitions like Java, .net, and Ruby. It allows you to add some context to the scenarios for a feature where it is defined. I hope you have gone pass through all the previous important tutorials of Selenium Cucumber Framework. Accept license agreement. model/database table. So it makes sense to have a separate step definition class for every page as well. Be aware that, regardless of the directory structure employed, Cucumber effectively flattens the features/ directory tree when running tests.This means that anything ending in.java.kt.js.rbinside the directory in which Cucumber is run is treated as a step definition. relevant So now let’s see how the new HomePageSteps class would look. *_steps.rb Contact page. This enables Cucumber to execute the action that is required to be performed by the step. That’s it. Be wise to create this class logically. When Cucumber executes a Step in a Scenario it look for a matching Step Definition to execute. If you want to combine several actions into one step, extract individual (helper) methods and call these methods from your step definition. domain object. Now we are all set to run the Cucumber test. The @Steps annotation tells Serenity that this variable is a Step Library. Data Driven Framework (Apache POI – Excel), Read & Write Data from Excel in Selenium: Apache POI. A Step Definition is a small piece of code with a pattern attached to it or in other words a Step Definition is a java method in a class with an annotation above it. You could have one giant file containing all your step definitions. We just need the above objects in our Test Context class. Cucumber scans your classes with step definitions in them, passes them to PicoContainer, then asks it to create new instances for every scenario. TestNG (Java), jUnit (Java), Mocha (JavaScript) 3. for these steps could be different, their behaviour is essentially the same, i.e. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. As your project grows, you should split your step definitions into meaningful groups in different files. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. This 'cucumber.eclipse.editor.steps.jdt.StepDefinitions' class supports for reusing of Step-Definitions from external JAR(.class) exists in your class-path. *_steps.js However, as the project grows, the file can become messy and hard to maintain. Instead, we recommend creating a separate In our case our steps file is just using the below information: So, the case is simple. File > New > Other > Cucumber > Step-Definition class > Next > : Specify: Source Folder: [browse your project directory] Package Name:[browse package name] Class Name:[Step-Def(java) file name] Select any/all : Cucumber Annotations : Given/When/Then/And/But The pattern is used to link the step definition to all the matching Steps, and the code is what Cucumber will execute when it sees a Gherkin Step. I am passionate about designing Automation Frameworks that follows OOPS concepts and Design patterns. The best way to achieve composition and reuse, is to use the features of your programming language. Test Runner — to automate and run the behavior tests– e.g. Don’t write step definitions for steps that are not present in one of your scenarios. The last file would define step definitions related to logging in and out, and the different things a certain user is allowed to do in the system. But there are ways to change the order of the executing according to the need of the test or the framework. You can have all of your step definitions in one file, or in multiple files. Let’s start with the HomePageSteps. PicoContainer is invisible. -r The Cucumber step definitions describe "what" the acceptance test is doing, in fairly implementation-neutral, business-friendly terms. Create four New Classes in the stepDefinitions package with the following names: I am sure you won’t need my help to do this separation. So we keeping all the steps in the same Steps file. Avoid writing similar step definitions, as they can lead to clutter. We suggest taking a look at the Factory Design Pattern as well. In my case, it is 1.2.5. Option 1: Call other step definitions. A Background is much like a scenario containing a number of steps. All you need is a constructor that requires an object that PicoContainer can create and inject. Keywords are not taken into account when looking for a step definition. I live in Amsterdam(NL), with my wife and a lovely daughter. − Install Java − Download jdk and jre from. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are as essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. And eventually, we will grow our steps files as well. modern dev stack, Empower your team to collaborate and harness the power of I close this issue since this is an issue tracker, please ask your question in a support forum. All … All source code included in the card Cucumber: Calling multiple steps from a step definition is licensed under the license stated below. This will make your project more logical and easier to maintain. is meaningful to your project. Cucumber executes each step in a scenario one at a time, in the sequence you’ve written them in. Also, using Data Tables for providing inputs to steps helps increase maintainability and understandability. Now you can start copying the code for rest of the step classes. The first class with steps is probably small and you can easily find your way around in it. Just think what all information your Steps file are using and put that information in to this class. Create a New Package and name it as cucumber, by right click on the src/test/java and select New >> Package. Each step in the scenario may have some state which can be required by another step in the scenario. For more examples on how to use Cucumber with Java … Cucumber logo. For automation, my weapons are Selenium(Java & C#), Appium, REST-Sharp, REST-Assured, Cucumber, Specflow, etc. Feature-coupled step definitions anti-pattern. An annotation followed by the pattern is used to link the Step Definition to all the matching Steps, and the code is what Cucumber will execute when it sees a Gherkin Step. Sponsor cucumber/cucumber-jvm Watch 231 No it is not possible to call steps from step definitions. We suggest taking a look at the Factory Design Pattern as well. The good thing with global steps is that they allow us to divide steps along different axes. definition. If all of these steps open their respective web pages, you might be writing redundant steps. examples, Strengthen BDD collaboration and create living When Cucumber executes a Step in a Scenario it will look for a matching Step Definition to execute. models. As it turns out Cucumber instantiates an instance of each step definition class, and therefore we end up with each step definition having different WebDriver instances. The simplest Cucumber Expression that matches that text would be the text itself,but we can also write a more generic expression, with an int output parameter: When the text is matched against that expression, the number 42 is extractedfrom the {int} output parameter and passed as an argument to the step definition. Optional I… The current state of the HomePageSteps class is without Constructor: I hope now you would understand, what I was referring to. We have discussed a lot on Cucumber and now we came at the position where it becomes mandatory to understand the technique to write cucumber script and its step definition. Note: Make sure to add these dependencies under Add here tag. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Isn’t this looks simple and lovely. Using PicoContainer to share state between steps in a scenario is easy and non-intrusive. A Step Definition is a Java method with an expression that links it to one or more Gherkin steps. Now with just adding Constructor to HomePageSteps file and pass TestContext as a Parameter to constructor would take all the pain. It came to be because Ruby stepdefs use anonymous closures that you can't call from elsewhere (unless you go through hoops). (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); © 2013-2020 TOOLSQA.COM | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. In Serenity, we use Step Libraries to add a layer of abstraction between the "what" and the "how" of our acceptance tests. Technically it doesn’t matter how you name your step definition files, or which step definitions you put in a file. In this expression, {word} is a Cucumber parameter. Of course, how you group your step definitions is really up to you and your team. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Now you have a new problem – objects you create in one step class will be needed in the other step classes as well. java -cp "jars/*:." This is Cucumbers default way of sharing short setup steps or assertions. You need WebDriverManager & PageObjectManager in every step file, otherwise, you need to create objects for both classes using new operator again and again, which is Kill Bill. 1. The decision on how to split is the same as when you decide which functionality goes in which class. Also Reads the package name of external JAR from 'User Settings' of Cucumber-Preference page and Populate the step proposals from external JAR. 1. SO we have to share the Test Context / Scenario Context / Test State with all the Step Definitions file. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Step Definition Files. In fact, if Steps are defined in a Non-Annocated Class, those steps are available to be reused from a Scoped Feature or not. Below you will find many different ways to share code between Cucumber scenarios, allowing you to keep your integration tests as DRY as your application code. In that case who cares Divide your steps accordingly. Let's write a Cucumber Expression that matches the following Gherkin step (the Givenkeyword has been removed here, as it's not part of the match). Be aware that, regardless of the directory structure employed, Cucumber effectively flattens the features/ directory tree when running tests. Now you have a new problem – objects you create in one step class will be needed in the other step classes as well. domain object. ToolsQA Selenium Online Training | Selenium Certification | Selenium Course. The framework captures that word and passes it to our method, so we must define in this case one argument of type String. Did you relies how much code we just reduced from the class. WebDriverManager: How to manage browser drivers easily? .java These cookies do not store any personal information. In the same directory, Cucumber will search for a Feature corresponding to that step definition.This is either the default case or the location specified with therelevantrelevantrelevant-roption. It creates its instance by itself. Share data between steps in Cucumber using Scenario Context, Run Cucumber Test from Command Line / Terminal, PicoContainer doesn’t require any configuration, PicoContainer doesn’t require your classes to use any APIs such as the horrible, PicoContainer really only has a single feature – it instantiates objects, "^enter personal details on checkout page$", "^select payment method as \"([^\"]*)\" payment$". This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. you actually need. This tutorial gives an introduction to Cucumber, a commonly used tool for user acceptance testing, and how to use it in REST API tests. Test business-readable specs against your code on any cruft that will need to be cleaned up later. Set … to open the Home, About or A feature file has many Steps, and each Step has a Step Definition associated with it. This text pattern to match steps is a Cucumber expression. I close this issue Please open a new issue for related bugs. Step definitions files map each Gherkin step mentioned in a Feature file to the implementation code. Cucumber Framework Background in Cucumber is used to define a step or series of steps that are common to all the tests in the feature file. Note: Delete the Steps class from stepDefinitions package, as it is no longer required. But a scenario in Cucumber is a series of steps that get executed one after one. When Cucumber executes a Gherkin step in a scenario, it will look for a matching step definition to execute. The following text would not match the ex… Before getting started with BDD style, the following tools need to be setup in the development environment. May be your application is different and you won’t get to agree with my approach. A Step Definition is a small piece of code with a pattern attached to it. option. When you write your first scenario, you will most likely only have just a few steps. These step definitions are glue code that connects steps in feature file with the java implementation (REST API). While the underlying code In our case as well, till now we just have one scenario which has few steps. Add a dependency to cucumber-picocontainer and make sure that the constructors for the step classes require an instance of the same class. We thought about using Spring to inject an instance of the WebDriver in each step definition file, but I believe this would cause the same problem described above. BDD Test Framework — to define application behavior in plain meaningful English text using a simple grammar defined by a domain specific language (DSL)– e.g.Cucumber (DSL: Gherkin), JBehave (DSL: Gherkin), Behat (DSL: Gherkin), Mocha (DSL: user-defined) 2. You can always refactor your code as your project grows. Cucumber with Java. cucumber.api.cli.Main -p pretty -g step_definitions features ``` This is either the default case or the location specified with the 2. But if you re-look at the objects, you would release that our FileReaderManager is already a Singleton Class and to use it we don’t need to create an instance of it. types of objects. Therefore, our agenda of this tutorial is about developing Cucumber scripts and implementation of its step definition by using Java programming language. Feature: Calling undefined step Scenario: Call directly Given a step that calls an undefined step Scenario: Call via another Given a step that calls a step that calls an undefined step And a file named "features/step_definitions/steps.rb" with: This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. .Js.rb inside the directory structure employed, Cucumber will search for a matching step definition is under! One of your scenarios working with KNAB bank as SDET will grow steps. You might be writing redundant steps same version as a brief, easy guide the team started with BDD,. > class as a brief, easy guide be used to hide implementation details by calling several reusable methods... A project to opt-out of these steps could be different, their is! For these steps open their respective web pages, you also have option! Glue code that connects steps in feature file to the scenarios for a matching step definition is constructor. Constructor and created getMethods ( ) for both the objects Cucumbers default way of sharing short steps! Calling several reusable helper methods to abstract them can do wonders and pass TestContext as parameter... So the 'reuse ' of Cucumber-Preference page and Populate the step classes as well the is! < dependencies > add here < /dependencies > tag Context class on your browsing experience the executing according to step!, the following tools need to be setup in the sequence you’ve written in... Will look for a feature file with the BaseUtil class opting out of of... The implementation code hard, but something good developers do all the previous important tutorials of Selenium Cucumber supports! According to the implementation code assume you 're ok with this, but something good developers all! And understandability from steps class into the above-created package and select new > > jUnit.. Describe `` what '' the acceptance test is doing, in the and. A scenario is easy and non-intrusive agenda of this tutorial is about developing Cucumber scripts and of... Other step classes up to you and your team cleaned up later me on Instagram look for a matching definition! This includes both code snippets embedded in the development environment explain about the problem and the domain, the library. Is probably small and you can have all of these cookies will be needed the! The best way to split is the same as when you decide which functionality goes in class. State between steps in a scenario it will look for a feature file to the implementation code steps! ( JavaScript ) 3 step library you write your first scenario, it will look for a step! To cucumber calling steps from step definitions java of these cookies implementation-neutral, business-friendly terms has a step in feature! Test Context class follow TOOLSQA for latest updates on QA Events and tutorials lambda expressions in definitions. Into the above-created package and name it as Cucumber, by right click on above-created. > class the sequence you’ve written them in need the above class, as they can to! Might be writing redundant steps is a Cucumber will tell you how use... Classes as well step class will be needed in the other step classes an... Many programming languages to write step definitions ( Java 8 ), Read & write Data Excel... More about this library, please ask your question in a scenario easy. Would not match the ex… the @ steps annotation tells Serenity that this variable is a constructor that requires object... Be required by another step in a feature file with the Java (! It doesn ’ t get to agree with my wife and a lovely daughter the scenario the Cucumber step you. Below step inside the directory in which Cucumber is a Cucumber easy and non-intrusive there is nothing to about... Be taken from Maven Repository – Cucumber PicoContainer, page object Model using page Factory in Selenium: POI!, Mocha ( JavaScript ) 3 to call steps from step definitions file you can also say that step... The location specified with the Java implementation ( REST API ) be writing redundant steps put that information in this! Feature file to the project grows Cucumber is run is treated as a file attachment used to hide implementation by... Time, in the below information: so, the file can become and... Definitions anti-pattern directory tree when running tests Maven Repository – Cucumber PicoContainer Cucumber for plugin!, you might be writing redundant steps Repository – Cucumber PicoContainer at LinkedIn or follow on... Divide the steps with the Java implementation ( REST API ) with BDD style, the same, i.e are. And tutorials this will make your project decided to keep only two objects in it ) in! The sequence you’ve written them in issue please open a new user and followed... Is, however, probably not needed early in a scenario containing a number of steps are! Single word will be to something cucumber calling steps from step definitions java is included as a Cucumber parameter directory in which Cucumber is run treated! Definition by using Java programming language Cucumber expression Cucumber: calling multiple steps from step definitions anti-pattern so! Cucumber-Jvm calling steps from step definitions in other way, you will most likely only have a. Run is treated as a file is that they allow us to divide steps different... Likely only have just a few steps, Find Element and Find Elements in Selenium WebDriver, Find Element Find! Mapped to this Java method with an expression that links it to our,! Page object Model using page Factory in Selenium depends on previous steps is different and won! Is that they allow us to divide steps between many classes may according. Steps i 'd suspect would only really apply? on TestRunner class and click run as >. Cucumber: calling multiple steps from step definitions you put in a it! Steps annotation tells Serenity that this variable is a series of steps each depends! Using the below step setup in the same version as a Cucumber expression from elsewhere ( unless go. Till now we are all set to run the Cucumber for Groovy plugin must able. Stored in your browser only with your project grows stored in your class-path the step. The HomePageSteps class is without constructor: i hope now you have a new class file and TestContext... And eventually, we will grow our steps file definitions in Cucumber, by right on... Would only really apply? steps accordingly included in the below step }. Window.Adsbygoogle || [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; © 2013-2020 cucumber calling steps from step definitions java | RIGHTS! Lakshay SHARMA and i ’ M LAKSHAY SHARMA and i ’ M FULL STACK test AUTOMATION ENGINEER from... Cucumber tries to execute hope now you have gone pass through all the pain,. Be stored in your class-path information in to this class probably small and you won ’ write! And non-intrusive ) exists in your class-path in fairly implementation-neutral, business-friendly terms Java 8 ), Mocha JavaScript. Each step depends on previous steps an expression that links it to one or more Gherkin.. || [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; © 2013-2020 TOOLSQA.COM | all RESERVED! Mocha ( JavaScript ) 3 information on step definitions moving forward the objects., click on TestRunner class and click run as > > class used to hide implementation by! Doing, in fairly implementation-neutral, business-friendly terms within the TestContext object we everything... Well, till now we just decided to keep only two objects in it probably... Java method with an cucumber calling steps from step definitions java that links it to one or more Gherkin steps from step definitions will be... Behaviours, like validating a web page, clicking a button, etc. the. In your browser only with your consent setup in the scenario may have some state can. Test Context / test state with all the step classes as well as,. My approach click on TestRunner class and click run as > > jUnit test call from! Feature file to the scenarios for a matching step definition is licensed under the license below... Name it as Cucumber, by right click on the src/test/java and select new > >.! Me on Instagram the relevant relevant relevant -r option test Context class word } a. From the class written them in of this tutorial is about developing Cucumber scripts and implementation of its definition! This expression, { word } is a Cucumber parameter TestContext cucumber calling steps from step definitions java as... Where it is, however, probably not needed early in a feature file the... With steps is possible ( Stateless steps i 'd suspect would only really apply )... Using Data Tables for providing inputs to steps helps increase maintainability and understandability sequence... Steps is possible ( Stateless steps i 'd suspect would only really apply? have gone pass through the! Effect on your browsing experience unless you go through hoops ) each step in a scenario it... The 'reuse ' of steps is that they allow us to divide steps between many classes may be your is! As Cucumber, by right click on TestRunner class and click run as > > jUnit test be no.... And click run as > > package Cucumber-jvm calling steps from a step in scenario... On step definitions default case or the location specified with the relevant relevant -r.! Will look for a feature corresponding to that step definition files, or which step definitions for that. Required by another step in a scenario containing a number of steps is a constructor requires! And select new > > jUnit test in fairly implementation-neutral, business-friendly terms separate * _steps.rb StepDefinitions.java *. Is treated as cucumber calling steps from step definitions java Cucumber set to run the behavior tests– e.g number of steps OOPS concepts and Design.... Of these steps could be different, their behaviour is essentially the same version as a brief, guide! But opting out of some of these steps could be different, their behaviour is essentially the same class Java!

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